A Laboratory Study of Adolescents' Eating in the Absence of Hunger

描述(由申请者提供)：获得这一博士后奖学金将有助于申请者成为青少年健康和发展领域富有成效的独立调查者的长期目标。Lauren Shomaker博士对社交能力和了解饮食失调以及共病的社会情绪和行为问题的发展特别感兴趣。拟议的培训计划将使她能够在儿科饮食失调及其与肥胖重叠方面获得进一步的专业知识，并获得用于研究这些问题的方法方面的高级技能。这些目标将在USUHS和NIH丰富的培训环境中实现，并通过与两个在进食障碍和儿童肥胖领域具有专业知识的共同赞助者(玛丽安·塔诺夫斯基-克拉夫，博士，Jack A)的研究指导来实现。亚诺夫斯基，医学博士)。舒梅克博士组建了一支强大的顾问团队，他们在肥胖治疗(纳兹拉特·米孜，医学博士)、无饥饿饮食(迈尔斯·费思博士)、饮食失调(J·凯文·汤普森博士)和营养(南希·塞布林医学博士)等领域拥有丰富的专业知识。儿科超重已经越来越被认为是一个主要的公共卫生问题，具有惊人的个人、社会和医疗成本。超重的年轻人当前和未来身体健康问题的风险增加(例如， 糖尿病)和社会情绪困难(如抑郁症)。确定与肥胖发病风险相关的饮食行为，如在没有饥饿的情况下进食和饮食紊乱，对于设计有效的干预措施至关重要。在这项拟议的项目中，肖梅克博士采用了一项实验室设计，来检验在没有饥饿的情况下进食是否与青春期的体重状况有关。参与者将是来自不同种族和民族社区样本的120名青少年。青少年的卡路里摄入量将在连续两次测试用餐期间进行观察。青少年首先会吃到他们吃饱了，然后他们会得到一系列不同的非常美味的零食。主要的假设是，超重的青少年在第二顿饭(在没有饥饿的情况下吃东西)会比非超重的青少年吃得更多。这项研究还旨在通过访谈和问卷调查，检查在没有饥饿的情况下进食与饮食紊乱之间的联系。公共卫生相关性：此外，还将使用扫描电子显微镜，检验人际互动、身体形象、负面情绪、抑郁症状、饮食紊乱、无饥饿饮食和青少年超重之间的临时理论模型。这样的调查是促进形成准确、完整的饮食行为时间序列模型的关键一步，这些行为会导致未来的肥胖和饮食紊乱。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Receipt of this postdoctoral fellowship award would facilitate the applicant's long-term objective to become a productive, independent investigator in the area of adolescent health and development. Lauren Shomaker, PhD has particular interests in social competence and understanding development of disordered eating and co-morbid socio-emotional and behavioral problems. The proposed training plan will enable her to obtain further expertise in pediatric disordered eating and its overlap with obesity, and acquire advanced skills in the methodologies used to study these problems. These goals will be accomplished in the rich training environments of USUHS and NIH, and through research mentorship with two co-sponsors with expertise in the fields of disturbed eating and pediatric obesity (Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, PhD, Jack A . Yanovski, MD, PhD). Dr. Shomaker has put together a strong team of consultants with expertise in diversity in obesity treatment (Nazrat Mirza, MD, ScD), eating in the absence of hunger ( Myles Faith, PhD), eating disorders (J. Kevin Thompson, PhD), and nutrition (Nancy Sebring, MEd, RD). Pediatric overweight has gained increasing recognition as a major public health concern with striking personal, societal, and healthcare costs. Overweight youth are at increased risk for immediate and future physical health problems (e.g., diabetes) and socio-emotional difficulties (e.g., depression). Identification of eating behaviors such as eating in the absence of hunger and disordered eating associated with risk for obesity onset is critical for designing effective interventions. In the proposed project, Dr. Shomaker employs a laboratory design to examine whether eating in the absence of hunger is associated with weight status in adolescence. Participants will be 120 adolescents from a racially and ethnically diverse community sample. Adolescents' caloric intake will be observed during two successive test meals. Adolescents first will eat until they are full and are then presented with access to a different array of highly palatable snack foods. The primary hypothesis is that overweight adolescents will eat more during the second meal (eating in the absence of hunger) than their non-overweight counterparts. The study also aims to examine links between eating in the absence of hunger and disordered eating as assessed by interview and questionnaires. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Additionally, using SEM, a provisional theoretical model of proposed relations among interpersonal interactions, body image, negative affect, depressive symptoms, disordered eating, eating in the absence of hunger, and adolescent overweight will be examined. Such an investigation is a crucial step in facilitating the formation of accurate, integrated models of the temporal sequence of eating behaviors that lead to future obesity and disordered eating.