EFFECT OF CHROMIUM ON PROGRESSION OF INSULIN RESISTANCE

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 目的：探讨长期补充铬对饮用含糖饮料肥胖恒河猴代谢综合征进展的影响。在对胰岛素抵抗受试者进行的一些研究中，铬补充已被证明可以改善胰岛素敏感性，但不是全部。铬还被认为具有改善血脂状况的作用。在代谢(胰岛素抵抗)综合征的非人灵长类动物模型中，本研究考察了补充铬对预防或减缓胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常进展的长期(1年)效果。肥胖恒河猴的胰岛素抵抗的发展与人类代谢性疾病的进展具有相似的特征。我们之前已经证明，每天给肥胖的恒河猴提供含糖饮料，同时随意获得1年的正常饮食，会导致适度的体重和体脂增加，并伴随着胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常的快速进展(甘油三酯升高和高密度脂蛋白水平降低)。使用这一模型，确保严格控制和遵守饮食和铬的摄入量，将使我们能够确定长期补充铬在代谢综合征进展中的影响。此外，我们还将评估铬对一些与胰岛素抵抗和心血管风险相关的血脂和炎症参数的影响。我们还将确定铬对两个与肌肉胰岛素作用密切相关的参数的影响：肌肉甘油三酯含量和全身底物氧化(呼吸商)。虽然吡啶甲酸铬是最广泛使用的铬补充剂，但一些研究表明，烟酸铬的生物利用率更高，因此更有效。因此，我们将比较吡啶甲酸铬和烟酸铬在改善饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗和血脂紊乱方面的生物利用度(组织铬状况)和疗效。这些研究的结果将为设计和实施新的临床研究提供有价值的信息，以检验铬补充剂在人类代谢综合征管理中的作用。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Objective: To determine the effect of long term supplementation with Chromium in the progression of Metabolic Syndrome in obese rhesus monkeys fed sugar sweetened beverages. Chromium supplementation has been demonstrated to improve insulin sensitivity in some, but not all, studies conducted in insulin-resistant subjects. Chromium has also been suggested to have effects to improve plasma lipid profiles. This study examines the long-term (1 year) effects of chromium supplementation to prevent or attenuate the progression of insulin resistance and dylipidemia in a nonhuman primate model of the Metabolic (insulin resistance) Syndrome. The development of insulin resistance in obese rhesus monkeys shares similar features with the progression of metabolic disease in humans. We have previously demonstrated that providing obese rhesus monkeys with a sugar-sweetened beverage daily in combination with ad libitum access to their normal diet for 1 year results in modest weight and body fat gain accompanied by a rapid progression of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia (elevated triglyceride and reduced HDL levels). The use of this model in which rigorous control and compliance with diet and chromium intake can be ensured will allow us to determine the effects of long-term chromium supplementation in the progression of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, we will assess the effects of chromium on a number of lipid and inflammatory parameters associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk. We will also determine the effects of chromium on two parameters closely linked to muscle insulin action; muscle triglyceride content and whole body substrate oxidation (respiratory quotient). Although chromium picolinate is the most widely used form of chromium supplement, some studies suggest that the nicotinate form of chromium is more bioavailable and therefore more effective. Therefore, we will compare the bioavailability (tissue chromium status) and the efficacy of chromium picolinate and chromium nicotinate in the amelioration of diet-induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The results of these studies will provide valuable information for the design and implementation of new clinical studies examining the effects of chromium supplements in the management of metabolic syndrome in humans.