EFFECT OF CHROMIUM ON PROGRESSION OF INSULIN RESISTANCE

这个子项目是许多利用 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 本项目的目的是确定长期补充铬对肥胖恒河猴喂食含糖饮料后代谢综合征进展的影响。在胰岛素抵抗受试者中进行的一些（但不是所有）研究中，已证明补充铬可改善胰岛素敏感性。铬也被认为具有改善血脂谱的作用。本研究在非人灵长类动物代谢（胰岛素抵抗）综合征模型中检查了补充铬对预防或减轻胰岛素抵抗和功能障碍进展的长期（1年）作用。肥胖恒河猴胰岛素抵抗的发展与人类代谢性疾病的进展具有相似的特征。我们之前已经证明，每天给肥胖的恒河猴提供含糖饮料，并随意获得正常饮食，持续1年，导致适度的体重和体脂增加，伴随着胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常的快速进展（甘油三酯升高和HDL水平降低）。使用该模型，可以确保严格控制和遵守饮食和铬摄入量，将使我们能够确定长期补充铬在代谢综合征进展中的作用。此外，我们将评估铬对与胰岛素抵抗和心血管风险相关的一些脂质和炎症参数的影响。我们还将确定铬对与肌肉胰岛素作用密切相关的两个参数的影响;肌肉甘油三酯含量和全身底物氧化（呼吸商）。虽然吡啶甲酸铬是最广泛使用的铬补充剂形式，但一些研究表明，烟酸形式的铬更具生物利用度，因此更有效。因此，我们将比较吡啶甲酸铬和烟酸铬在改善饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常方面的生物利用度（组织铬状态）和疗效。这些研究的结果将为设计和实施新的临床研究提供有价值的信息，这些研究旨在检查铬补充剂在人类代谢综合征管理中的作用。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The objective of this project is to determine the effect of long term supplementation with Chromium in the progression of Metabolic Syndrome in obese rhesus monkeys fed sugar sweetened beverages. Chromium supplementation has been demonstrated to improve insulin sensitivity in some, but not all, studies conducted in insulin-resistant subjects. Chromium has also been suggested to have effects to improve plasma lipid profiles. This study examines the long-term (1 year) effects of chromium supplementation to prevent or attenuate the progression of insulin resistance and dylipidemia in a nonhuman primate model of the Metabolic (insulin resistance) Syndrome. The development of insulin resistance in obese rhesus monkeys shares similar features with the progression of metabolic disease in humans. We have previously demonstrated that providing obese rhesus monkeys with a sugar-sweetened beverage daily in combination with ad libitum access to their normal diet for 1 year results in modest weight and body fat gain accompanied by a rapid progression of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia (elevated triglyceride and reduced HDL levels). The use of this model in which rigorous control and compliance with diet and chromium intake can be ensured will allow us to determine the effects of long-term chromium supplementation in the progression of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, we will assess the effects of chromium on a number of lipid and inflammatory parameters associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk. We will also determine the effects of chromium on two parameters closely linked to muscle insulin action; muscle triglyceride content and whole body substrate oxidation (respiratory quotient). Although chromium picolinate is the most widely used form of chromium supplement, some studies suggest that the nicotinate form of chromium is more bioavailable and therefore more effective. Therefore, we will compare the bioavailability (tissue chromium status) and the efficacy of chromium picolinate and chromium nicotinate in the amelioration of diet-induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The results of these studies will provide valuable information for the design and implementation of new clinical studies examining the effects of chromium supplements in the management of metabolic syndrome in humans.