Health Effects and Geochemistry of Arsenic and Manganese

本提案是针对申请申请(RFA)-ES-05-01，题为“超级基金基础研究计划”而提交的。地下水和土壤受到砷(As)和锰(Mn)的污染与重大的公共卫生、补救和环境政策问题有关。在许多超级基金网站上都发现了砷和锰。这项竞争性的更新建议旨在获得新知识，培训多学科的博士后和博士后学生，了解砷和锰的健康影响、地球化学和补救措施，重点是地下水。拟议的工作涉及在新泽西州维尼兰德受AS影响最严重的单一超级基金地点进行大量工作。它还涉及对居住在孟加拉国和新罕布夏州的接触砷和锰的成人和儿童进行的流行病学研究。与过去一样，哥伦比亚大学SBRP包括生物医学和非生物医学研究之间的独特平衡。 该建议包括四个生物医学研究项目：1)砷在哺乳动物细胞中的遗传毒性和细胞信号通路；2)砷队列研究的健康效应；3)砷和锰暴露对儿童智力的影响；以及4)一碳代谢、氧化应激和砷毒性。生物医学研究与三个非生物医学项目密切相关：5)地下水中天然砷的动员；6)地下水中人为砷的动员；7)地下水中砷的缓解。题为《与政府和公众合作：通过地下水暴露砷和锰》的研究翻译核心将与几个政府机构合作，帮助了解和解决当地的地下水问题。这些项目得到四个研究支助核心的支持：8)数据管理；9)痕量金属；10)生物地质化学；11)水文地质学。最后，培训核心协调多学科教育和博士后和博士后受训人员之间的互动，这些受训人员受益于参与主要的跨学科研究计划。

This proposal is submitted in response to the Request for Applications (RFA)-ES-05-01, entitled "Superfund Basic Research Program". The contamination of groundwater and soils with arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) are associated with major public health, remedial and environmental policy problems. Both Arsenic and manganese are found at numerous Superfund sites. This competitive renewal proposal seeks to obtain new knowledge, train multidisciplinary pre- and post-doctoral students concerning the health effects, geochemistry, and remediation of As and Mn, with a particular focus on groundwater. The proposed work involves substantial work at the single most seriously As-affected Superfund site in Vineland, NJ. It also involves epidemiologic studies of As- and Mn-exposed adults and children residing in Bangladesh and New Hampshire. As in the past, the Columbia University SBRP includes a unique balance between biomedical and non-biomedical research. The proposal includes four biomedical research projects: 1) Genotoxicity and Cell Signaling Pathways of As in Mammalian Cells; 2) Health Effects of an As Cohort Study; 3) Consequences of As and Mn Exposure on Childhood Intelligence; and 4) One-Carbon Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Arsenic Toxicity. The biomedical research is intimately intertwined with three non-biomedical projects: 5) Mobilization of Natural Arsenic in Groundwater; 6) Mobilization of Anthropogenic Arsenic in Groundwater; and 7) Mitigation of Arsenic Mobilization in Groundwater. A Research Translation Core entitled, "Collaborating with government and the public: As & Mn exposure via groundwater" will work with several government agencies to help understand and solve their local groundwater problems. The Projects are supported by four Research Support Cores: 8) Data Management; 9) Trace Metals; 10) Biogeochemistry; and 11) Hydrogeology. Finally, a Training Core coordinates multi-disciplinary education and interaction among pre- and postdoctoral trainees who benefit from participation in the major inter-disciplinary research program.