Human Health Effects Of Exposure To Organochlorine Compounds

滴滴涕、其代谢物DDE和多氯联苯等有机氯是持久性有机污染物，一般人群在食物链中接触到的水平可能具有毒性。在动物实验中，多氯联苯会干扰神经发育，但在人体实验中，结果好坏参半。每种有机氯都有几种类型的生物活性，因此确定潜在的作用机制是一个挑战。例如，DDE干扰雄激素与其受体的结合。

Organochlorines such as DDT, its metabolite DDE, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that may be toxic at levels encountered by the general population, through exposure in the food chain. PCBs interfere with neurodevelopment in animal experiments but human results are mixed. Each organochlorine has several types of biologic activity, so potential mechanisms of action are a challenge to pin down. For example, DDE interferes with androgen binding to its receptor. Most of my work in this area is based on analysis of serum from pregnant women who were in a cohort study named the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). Here I describe some of my results from the CPP study. Results from other studies I have done on the health effects of persistent organic pollutants are indicated in the list of publications. Sera from over 50,000 pregnant women in the CPP have been frozen at -20 degrees Centigrade since 1959-1965, and with the health data on their offspring constitute a resource that is still actively used by many investigators. We selected a subset of about 2,800 children born in 1959-1966 and determined organochlorine concentrations in the corresponding stored maternal pregnancy sera, in 1997-1999. In earlier CPP papers we examined DDE levels in relation to fetal loss in previous pregnancies, and, in the CPP pregnancy, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age, birthweight, and subsequent height; in all cases we found associations suggestive of adverse effects. To look for evidence of androgen-blocking, we examined maternal DDE level during pregnancy in relation to adjusted odds of cryptorchidism and hypospadias among their male offspring; for these outcomes the results were equivocal. Furthermore, we evaluated prenatal PCB exposure in relation to developmental assessment performance at 8 months of age, 7 years of age, and hearing as reflected by audiometric examination at age 8 years. None of these studies showed any associations. Last years progress Because this project is now in the data analysis and reporting phase, the progress is reflected by presentations and publications. This year I published a paper from a case-control study of organochlorine serum levels in relation to risk of breast cancer. Also, another paper on organochlorine levels in relation to risk of birth defects was accepted for publication. In addition, this fiscal year I will present results on DDT and DDE in relation to neurodevelopment at an international meeting. A corresponding manuscript will be submitted in the coming year.