A TRANSLATIONAL MODEL OF HEALTHY SOCIOEMOTIONAL AGING

项目摘要 到2060年，美国将至少有9800万老年人(65岁或以上)居住 (Colby&Ortman，2014)，强调了了解推动健康的生物过程的紧迫性， “成功的”衰老。虽然衰老伴随着大量的负面变化(例如，记忆力的恶化)， 矛盾的是，现有数据表明，社交和情感生活实际上会随着年龄的增长而变得更好。老年人 报告更积极的社会经历，更积极和/或更少的负面情绪体验，并拥有 偏向于积极刺激而不是消极刺激(例如，Birditt等人，2005；2009；Luong等人， 2011年；Gross等人，1997年；Carstensen等人，2011年；Isaaco witz等人，2006a，b；Isaaco witz等人，2008年；Isaaco witz等人， 2012年；Mather&Carstensen，2003)。这种现象被称为“积极效应”(Mather&Carstensen， 2005年；Carstensen&Mikels，2005)。拟议研究的目标是迈出理解的第一步 通过建立健康的动物模型来产生这种“积极效应”的生物学机制 人类的社会情绪老化，理解我们必须了解健康才能治疗那些没有健康的人 健康。为此，将使用一套与人类使用的测试类似的测试来评估 猕猴的社会情绪过程，这些测试的翻译相关性将是 在逐个任务的基础上确定。拟议的工作将评估动物的社会行为，视觉 注意积极和消极的刺激，以及与活动相关的情绪反应的特征 植物性神经系统。这项拟议研究的目标是建立恒河猴作为 人类健康的社会情绪老化--服务于理解生物学的长期目标 支持健康的社会情绪老化的机制，这反过来将使有效的 促进我们老龄化人口健康和福祉的治疗和干预措施。

Project Summary By 2060, there will be at least 98 million older adults (65 years of age or older) living in the United States (Colby & Ortman, 2014), underscoring the urgency to understand the biological processes that drive healthy, “successful” aging. While aging is accompanied by a host of negative changes (e.g., deterioration of memory), paradoxically, existing data demonstrate that social and emotional life actually get better with age. Older adults report more positive social experiences, more positive and/or less negative emotional experiences, and have biased attention towards positive and away from negative stimuli (e.g., Birditt et al., 2005; 2009; Luong et al., 2011; Gross et al., 1997; Carstensen et al., 2011; Isaacowitz et al., 2006a,b; Isaacowitz et al., 2008; Isaacowitz, 2012; Mather & Carstensen, 2003). This phenomenon is known as the “positivity effect” (Mather & Carstensen, 2005; Carstensen & Mikels, 2005). The goal of the proposed research is to take the first step in understanding the biological mechanisms that generate this “positivity effect” by establishing an animal model of healthy human socioemotional aging with the understanding that we must understand health to treat those who are not healthy. To that end, a suite of tests homologous to those used with humans will be used to evaluate socioemotional processes in rhesus macaques, and the translational relevance of those tests will be determined on a task-by-task basis. The proposed work will evaluate the social behavior of the animals, visual attention to positive and negative stimuli, and features of emotional responding associated with activity in the autonomic nervous system. The goal of the proposed research – to establish rhesus monkeys as a model for healthy socioemotional aging in humans – serves the long-term goal of understanding the biological mechanisms that support healthy socioemotional aging, which in turn will enable development of effective treatments and interventions to promote health and well-being in our aging population.