Dynamics and Causal Functions of Large-Scale Cortical and Subcortical Networks

项目摘要/摘要 改善对正常和异常功能背后的大脑过程的理解是必要的 设计更好的方法来诊断、缓解或治愈神经或精神疾病。很明显，即使是 对于简单的行为，这样的过程取决于多个大脑区域之间的相互作用。然而，这些 人们对互动本身的了解较少。这种对区域间相互作用的不充分理解 阻碍大脑功能的实质性模型的产生和新的诊断或治疗的可能性 这样的模型可以引入。 这些缺陷在一定程度上反映了广泛使用的成像方式的局限性。(fifl)详细分析了 大脑区域网络的运行需要全面的覆盖、高空间分辨率和高 时间分辨率。然而，现有技术要么缺乏高时间分辨率，要么缺乏高空间分辨率， 或全面覆盖。因此，它们无法跟踪区域间的空间和时间进程 互动。使用放置在大脑表面的皮层脑电(ECoG)电极进行的颅内记录，或 放置在ECoG无法触及的区域和沟深处的深度电极(立体脑成像；SEEG)， 可以提供广泛的覆盖范围和高的时间和空间分辨率。此外，通过电刺激 这些电极可以评估因果作用和区域间的联系。然而，因为颅内电极 仅适用于等待脑部手术的患者，颅内研究通常仅限于少量 具有可变电极覆盖率的受试者。在这里提出的研究中，我们成熟的和经验丰富的 ECOG/SEEG联盟将参与一项正式的研究计划，寻求开始揭示详细的 支持人类语音感知的连通性、因果关系和动态神经过程。要实现的研究 我们的两个项目目标将充分利用颅内电极提供的机会。 拟议的工作将利用一个已建立的跨学科的颅内联盟，该联盟有四个数据 每年提供访问数十个主题的收藏网站。该财团将致力于回答 关于言语知觉背后的动态区域间功能的新问题。如果成功，建议的工作 不仅应该增加新的神经科学fic的理解，而且应该正式验证联盟结构是否为 用于颅内研究的模型。

Project Summary/Abstract Improved understanding of the brain processes underlying normal and abnormal function is necessary for devising better ways to diagnose, alleviate, or cure neurological or psychiatric disorders. It is clear that even for simple behaviors, such processes depend on interactions among multiple brain regions. However, these interactions themselves are less well understood. This inadequate understanding of inter-regional interactions impedes the generation of substantive models of brain functions and the new diagnostic or therapeutic possibilities that such models could introduce. These deficiencies reflect in part the limitations of the widely used imaging modalities. Detailed analysis of the operation of a network of brain regions requires comprehensive coverage, high spatial resolution, and high temporal resolution. However, existing techniques either lack high temporal resolution, high spatial resolution, or comprehensive coverage. Thus, they cannot track the spatial and temporal progression of inter-regional interactions. Intracranial recordings using electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrodes placed on the brain surface, or depth electrodes (stereoencephalography; SEEG) placed in regions and sulcal depths not accessible with ECoG, can provide wide coverage and high temporal and spatial resolution. Furthermore, electrical stimulation through these electrodes can assess causal roles and inter-regional connections. However, because intracranial electrodes are only available in patients awaiting brain surgery, intracranial studies are typically limited to small numbers of subjects with variable electrode coverage. In the research proposed here, our established and highly experienced ECoG/SEEG consortium will engage in a formalized research program that seeks to begin to reveal the detailed connectivity, causality, and dynamic neural processes supporting human speech perception. Research to achieve our two project aims will take full advantage of the opportunities afforded by intracranial electrodes. The proposed work will make use of an established interdisciplinary intracranial consortium, with four data collection sites providing access to dozens of subjects per year. The consortium will apply itself to answering new questions about dynamic inter-areal function underlying speech perception. If successful, the proposed work should not only add new neuroscientific understanding, but also formally validate a consortium structure as a model for intracranial research.