Race-based social stress and health trajectories from adolescence to adulthood

描述(由申请者提供)：这项机会奖助金的广泛目标是了解基于种族的社会压力、种族/民族(R/E)认同和生物功能如何有助于健康和健康老龄化。利用马里兰青少年发展背景研究(MADICS)，我们建议通过收集一套与健康和疾病密切相关并与老龄化过程高度相关的生物系统的全面测量来补充现有的心理社会、心理和身体健康数据。MADICS是一项国家认可的17年纵向研究，研究家庭、学校、邻里和同龄人对1482名早期青少年及其家庭(60%非裔美国人，35%欧洲裔美国人，以及这些群体中类似比例的中产阶级)健康和成功发展的影响。在七次数据收集浪潮(12岁至30岁)中收集的衡量标准包括基于种族/族裔的可感知歧视的历史；对个人可感知的R/E分类的信念、行为和感觉(即，R/E身份)；心理和身体健康；以及心理社会功能(例如，教育和职业成就)。在这里，我们建议增加与健康和疾病相关的生物系统的广泛测量，并与衰老过程的前瞻性研究高度相关。主要目标是探索歧视的发展史如何有助于大约300名年轻人(大约32岁)的疾病前和健康状态，以及这些关系在多大程度上因R/E分类、SES和R/E身份而不同。具体地说，我们将评估(1)多个生理系统(内分泌、心血管、代谢、免疫、炎症、睡眠)的基本功能，反映各种不良健康结局的公认风险因素；(2)在日常日记研究的背景下，以及在使个人暴露于歧视性事件的实验环境中，与慢性疾病的发展相关的三个生理反应系统(即，下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺[HPA]轴、自主神经系统、炎症系统)的急性反应和恢复；(3)炎症细胞因子的产生和免疫细胞对糖皮质激素抗炎作用的抵抗，白细胞基因表达谱以确定与社会应激相关的广泛基因组(例如炎症相关基因)，以及生物信息学分析以确定可能调节这些影响的转录调控途径；以及(4)从心理和身体健康和建议的生物标记物构建的以人为中心的健康轨迹概况，以及它们与歧视历史的关系在多大程度上受到R/E分类、SES、R/E身份和父母社会化因素的调节。这笔赠款的另一个目的是开发可成为未来实地健康和老龄研究人员工具包的方法(例如，验证口腔粘膜漏出液中肿瘤坏死因子-α和白介素6的测量，以及开发可在流动心理生理学面包车上进行的现场友好应激反应方案)。 公共卫生相关性：在美国，与种族/民族分类相关的健康差异依然存在。消除这种健康差距对公共卫生至关重要。了解与健康差距相关的因素对于消除这些差距至关重要。这一应用包括侧重于更好地了解导致健康差距的生物、心理和社会因素的研究。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad aim of this Grand Opportunity Grant is to understand how race-based social stress, racial/ethnic (R/E) identity, and biological functioning contribute to health and healthy aging. Using the Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study (MADICS) we propose to complement existing psychosocial, mental, and physical health data with the collection of a comprehensive set of measures of biological systems intimately tied to health and disease and highly relevant to the aging processes. MADICS is a nationally-recognized 17- year longitudinal study of family, school, neighborhood, and peer influences on the healthy and successful development of an initial sample of 1482 early adolescents and their families (60% African American, 35% European American, and similar proportions of "middle class" SES within these groups). Measures gathered across seven waves of data collection (ages 12 to 30) include histories of perceived discrimination based on race/ethnicity; beliefs, behaviors, and feelings about one's perceived R/E classification (i.e., R/E identity); mental and physical health; and psychosocial functioning (e.g., educational and occupational attainment). Here we propose to add a wide range of measures of biological systems associated with health and disease and highly relevant to the prospective study of aging processes. The primary goal is to explore how developmental histories of discrimination contribute to the pre-disease and health states of approximately 300 young adults (approximately 32 years old) and the extent to which these relations vary by R/E classification, SES, and R/E identity. Specifically, we will assess (1) the basal functioning of multiple physiological systems (endocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, inflammatory, sleep) reflecting well-established risk factors for a variety of poor health outcomes; (2) the acute reactivity and recovery of three physiological response systems tied to the development of chronic disease (i.e., hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal [HPA] axis, autonomic nervous system, inflammatory system) in the context of a daily diary study and also in an experimental setting in which we expose individuals to a discriminatory episode; (3) inflammatory cytokine production and immune cell resistance to the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids, gene expression profiling of leukocytes to identify broad groups of genes associated with social stress (e.g., inflammation-related genes), and bioinformatic analyses to identify transcriptional control pathways that might potentially mediate these effects; and (4) person-centered health trajectory profiles constructed from mental and physical health and the proposed biomarkers and the extent to which their relations to histories of discrimination are moderated by R/E classification, SES, R/E identity, and parent socialization factors. An additional aim of this grant is to develop methods that can become part of the toolkit of future field-based health and aging researchers (e.g., validation of the measurement of TNF-alpha and IL6 in Oral Mucosal Transudate and the development of a field-friendly stress reactivity protocol that can be conducted in a mobile psychophysiological van). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Disparities in health associated with racial/ethnic classification persist in the US. The elimination of such health disparities is of paramount importance for public health. Understanding factors associated with health disparities is critical for their elimination. This application includes studies that focus on better understanding the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to health disparities.