Health trajectories from age 12-32: Disparities, discrimination, & socialization

描述（由申请人提供）：生活在美国的非洲裔美国人（AA）和欧洲裔美国人（EA）之间的健康差异有据可查。然而，这些健康差距背后的机制并没有得到很好的描述。虽然环境，结构和SES因素，有助于种族/民族（R/E）的健康差异存在于幼儿期，这些因素本身不能完全解释健康的差异，这表明一些组间的健康差异反映了种族相关的经验的影响。由于青春期是一个以种族显著性增加为特征的时期，这是分析种族相关经历作用的理想起点（例如，种族歧视[PRD]，R/E社会化）。在这个项目中，我们研究的健康和健康行为的轨迹从12岁到32岁的个体差异和角色的PRD，父母的社会化，和青年R/E的身份和应对资源在缓和这些轨迹的形状。这些模型将描述AA和EA之间的健康差异，以及AA和EA组内部的健康差异，在身体健康、物质使用、锻炼和其他健康相关行为和结果的不同变化模式中。虽然有些研究探讨了父母对其子女健康和科普歧视能力的影响，但很少有研究探讨父母对其子女在生命的第二和第三十年的健康轨迹的影响。使用马里兰州青少年发展的背景下的研究-一个全国公认的，8波，纵向研究家庭，学校，邻里，和同龄人的心理，社会和身体发展的影响-我们试图了解父母的作用，在他们的孩子的健康发展到年轻的成年。具体来说，我们将创建从大约12岁到大约32岁的身体健康和健康相关行为的轨迹（目标1）。接下来，在目标2中，我们将研究（a）R/E分类、性别和SES;（B）PRD和关键生活事件在多大程度上预测了健康轨迹的个体差异。然后，我们将使用这些基线模型来检查关键生活事件（例如，R/E身份和应对技能是健康轨迹的中介。接下来，我们将创建一般和特定R/E父母社会化的概况，并检查他们彼此之间的关系以及与青少年R/E身份和应对资源的关系（目标3）。最后，在目标4中，我们将研究目标1和目标2中揭示的预测模型和健康轨迹在目标3中生成的社会化配置文件中的变化程度。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Health disparities between African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) living in the USA are well documented. However, the mechanisms underlying these health disparities are not well-delineated. Although environmental, structural, and SES factors that contribute to racial/ethnic (R/E) health disparities are present in early childhood, these factors alone cannot account fully for disparities in health, suggesting that some of the between-group health disparities reflect the effects of race-related experiences. As adolescence is a period characterized by increases in racial salience, it is an ideal starting point for analyses examining the role of race-related experiences (e.g., perceived racial discrimination [PRD], R/E socialization) on health. In this project, we examine individual differences in trajectories of health and health behaviors from age 12 to 32 and the roles of PRD, parent socialization, and youth R/E identity and coping resources in moderating the shape of these trajectories. These models will describe health disparities between AAs and EAs, as well as within AA and EA groups, in different patterns of change in physical health, substance use, exercise, and other health- related behaviors and outcomes. Although some work has explored the impact of parents on their children's health and ability to cope with discrimination, little work has examined parents' influence on their children's health trajectories in the second and third decades of life. Using the Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study - a nationally-recognized, 8-wave, longitudinal study of family, school, neighborhood, and peer influences on psychological, social, and physical development - we seek to understand the role of parents in the development of their children's health into young adulthood. Specifically, we will create trajectories of physical health and health-related behaviors from approximately age 12 to approximately age 32 (Aim 1). Next, in Aim 2, we will examine the extent to which individual differences in health trajectories are predicted by (a) R/E classification, gender, and SES; and (b) PRD and critical life events. We will then use these baseline models to examine the extent to which the relations between critical life events (e.g., PRD) and health trajectories are mediated by R/E identities and coping skills. We will next create profiles of general and R/E- specific parent socialization and examine their relations to each other and to youth R/E identity and coping resources (Aim 3). Finally, in Aim 4, we will examine the extent to which the prediction models and health trajectories revealed in Aims 1 and 2 vary across the socialization profiles generated in Aim 3.