Health trajectories from age 12-32: Disparities, discrimination, & socialization

12-32 岁的健康轨迹：差异、歧视、

• 批准号: 8411587
• 负责人: JACQUELYNNE S ECCLES
• 金额: $ 27.56万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-01-11 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8411587
• 关键词: Accounting; Adolescence; Adolescent Development; African American; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; American; Attenuated; Behavior; Child; Child health care; Classification; Cluster Analysis; Complex; Coping Skills; Development; Discrimination; Equation; European; Event; Exercise; Family; Gender; Grouping; Growth; Guide prevention; Health; Health behavior; Individual Differences; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Maryland; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Nature; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Parenting behavior; Parents; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Peer Pressure; Population; Preventive Intervention; Psyche structure; Race; Resistance; Resources; Role; Sampling; Schools; Shapes; Socialization; Testing; Time; Waist-Hip Ratio; Work; Youth; coping; early adolescence; early childhood; emerging adult; experience; health disparity; improved; parental influence; parental role; peer influence; person centered; physical conditioning; prevent; psychologic; racial and ethnic; racial discrimination; social; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Health disparities between African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) living in the USA are well documented. However, the mechanisms underlying these health disparities are not well-delineated. Although environmental, structural, and SES factors that contribute to racial/ethnic (R/E) health disparities are present in early childhood, these factors alone cannot account fully for disparities in health, suggesting that some of the between-group health disparities reflect the effects of race-related experiences. As adolescence is a period characterized by increases in racial salience, it is an ideal starting point for analyses examining the role of race-related experiences (e.g., perceived racial discrimination [PRD], R/E socialization) on health. In this project, we examine individual differences in trajectories of health and health behaviors from age 12 to 32 and the roles of PRD, parent socialization, and youth R/E identity and coping resources in moderating the shape of these trajectories. These models will describe health disparities between AAs and EAs, as well as within AA and EA groups, in different patterns of change in physical health, substance use, exercise, and other health- related behaviors and outcomes. Although some work has explored the impact of parents on their children's health and ability to cope with discrimination, little work has examined parents' influence on their children's health trajectories in the second and third decades of life. Using the Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study - a nationally-recognized, 8-wave, longitudinal study of family, school, neighborhood, and peer influences on psychological, social, and physical development - we seek to understand the role of parents in the development of their children's health into young adulthood. Specifically, we will create trajectories of physical health and health-related behaviors from approximately age 12 to approximately age 32 (Aim 1). Next, in Aim 2, we will examine the extent to which individual differences in health trajectories are predicted by (a) R/E classification, gender, and SES; and (b) PRD and critical life events. We will then use these baseline models to examine the extent to which the relations between critical life events (e.g., PRD) and health trajectories are mediated by R/E identities and coping skills. We will next create profiles of general and R/E- specific parent socialization and examine their relations to each other and to youth R/E identity and coping resources (Aim 3). Finally, in Aim 4, we will examine the extent to which the prediction models and health trajectories revealed in Aims 1 and 2 vary across the socialization profiles generated in Aim 3.

描述（由申请人提供）：生活在美国的非洲裔美国人 (AA) 和欧洲裔美国人 (EA) 之间的健康差异有据可查。然而，这些健康差异背后的机制尚不清楚。尽管造成种族/族裔 (R/E) 健康差异的环境、结构和社会经济地位因素在幼儿期就存在，但这些因素本身并不能完全解释健康差异，这表明一些群体间的健康差异反映了种族相关经历的影响。由于青春期是一个以种族显着性增加为特征的时期，因此它是分析种族相关经历（例如，感知种族歧视 [PRD]、R/E 社会化）对健康的作用的理想起点。在这个项目中，我们研究了 12 岁至 32 岁之间健康和健康行为轨迹的个体差异，以及 PRD、父母社会化、青少年 R/E 身份和应对资源在调节这些轨迹的过程中的作用。这些模型将描述 AA 和 EA 之间以及 AA 和 EA 群体内部在身体健康、物质使用、锻炼和其他健康相关行为和结果的不同变化模式中的健康差异。尽管一些工作探讨了父母对孩子健康和应对歧视的能力的影响，但很少有工作研究父母对孩子第二个和第三个十年健康轨迹的影响。利用马里兰州青少年发展背景研究——一项全国认可的八波纵向研究，研究家庭、学校、邻里和同伴对心理、社会和身体发展的影响——我们试图了解父母在孩子健康发展到成年早期的过程中的作用。具体来说，我们将创建从大约 12 岁到大约 32 岁的身体健康和健康相关行为的轨迹（目标 1）。接下来，在目标 2 中，我们将检查通过 (a) R/E 分类、性别和 SES 预测健康轨迹个体差异的程度； (b) PRD 和重大生活事件。然后，我们将使用这些基线模型来检查关键生活事件（例如 PRD）和健康轨迹之间的关系在多大程度上是由 R/E 身份和应对技能介导的。接下来，我们将创建一般和 R/E 特定父母社会化的档案，并检查他们之间的关系以及与青少年 R/E 身份和应对资源的关系（目标 3）。最后，在目标 4 中，我们将检查目标 1 和 2 中揭示的预测模型和健康轨迹在目标 3 中生成的社会化概况中的差异程度。