Determinants of Adolescent Exercise Behavior; towards Evidence-Based Intervention

描述(由申请人提供)：有规律的休闲时间锻炼是健康的关键因素，而久坐的生活方式被认为是观察到的BMI上升及其相关疾病的主要原因之一。尽管有众所周知的好处，但有规律的休闲时间锻炼行为从童年一直下降到青春期，成年后达到令人无法接受的低比例，大多数人没有进行推荐的定期锻炼。目前的干预计划在很大程度上仍然采用一种“一刀切”的策略，即假设所有青少年的休闲锻炼行为的决定因素都是相同的，而且它们大多源于社会和环境。这忽略了最近压倒性的证据，即遗传因素在自愿锻炼行为中也发挥着重要作用。我们假设，运动能力的遗传效应和运动的急性情绪反应是青少年运动行为的关键决定因素。为了验证这一假设，我们提出了一项调查、实验室和干预相结合的研究，使用了荷兰双胞胎登记册(NTR)中独特的数据收集。NTR是世界上最大的遗传信息数据库，包含对7岁、9岁、12岁、14岁、16岁和18岁的运动行为及其许多潜在(环境)调节因素的纵向评估。我们的目标是量化和识别从童年到成年的自愿运动行为的个体差异的原因。为此，我们建议使用一项纵向的双胞胎家庭研究，以确定遗传和环境因素在7岁至18岁这一关键时期内对运动行为变化的相对贡献。此外，我们还建立了一个实验室方案，以检验运动能力和运动心理反应的个体差异是青少年运动行为遗传性的主要因素这一假设。赠款背后的核心理念是，增加对自愿选择锻炼背后的遗传和环境因素的了解，将产生更好的个性化干预策略。为了提供原则性证据，我们将利用上述工作中获得的信息来开发一种新的基于家庭的电子干预计划，以改变青少年的锻炼行为。该计划的可行性和短期和长期效果将在随机对照试验中进行测试。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Regular leisure-time exercise is a key contributor to health whereas a sedentary lifestyle is cited as one of the main causes of the observed rise in BMI and its related disorders. Despite its well-known benefits, regular leisure-time exercise behavior drops from childhood to adolescence and reaches unacceptable low proportions in adulthood, with the majority of people not engaging in regular exercise at the recommended level. Current intervention programs still largely adopt a 'one-size fits all' strategy that assumes that the determinants of leisure-time exercise behavior are the same across all adolescents, and that they are mostly of social and environmental origin. This ignores the overwhelming recent evidence that genetic factors also play an important role in voluntary exercise behavior. We hypothesize that genetic effects on exercise ability and the acute mood responses to exercise are key determinants of adolescent exercise behavior. To test this hypothesis, we propose a combined survey, laboratory, and intervention study using the unique data collection in the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR). The NTR is the largest genetically informative database in the world with longitudinal assessment of exercise behavior and many of its potential (environmental) moderators at ages 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, and 18. We aim to quantify and identify the causes of individual differences in voluntary exercise behavior from childhood to young adulthood. To this end we propose to use a longitudinal twin-family study to determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the changes in exercise behavior over the critical period from age 7 to age 18. We furthermore set up a laboratory protocol in order to test the hypothesis that individual differences in exercise ability and the psychological response to exercise are the major factors underlying heritability of adolescent exercise behavior. The core idea behind the grant is that an increased understanding of the genetic and environmental factors underlying the voluntary choice to exercise will yield better personalized intervention strategies. To provide proof of principle, we will use the information obtained in the work described above to develop a novel family-based E- intervention program to change exercise behavior in young adolescents. Feasibility and short and long-term effects of this program will be tested in a randomized controlled trial.