Development of control techniques for renewable energy sources, integration with utility grid, and implementation by interfacing with real time digital simulator

风能和太阳能由于其可免费获得、清洁和可再生的特点，被列为最有前途的能源资源，可以在解决世界能源危机中发挥关键作用。在加拿大，风能以每年70%的速度增长。这都是由于环境问题、需求增加、单个单位规模增加、行业成熟以及制造成本降低。因此，开发先进的控制技术，使可再生资源与电网的整合更加可靠、高效、不存在电能质量问题变得越来越重要。在本提案中，由于功率变流器只需要处理滑移功率，从而减少了所需的其他控制设备的容量，因此研究方向将是具有转子侧控制的双馈感应发电机（AST- dfig）的可调速涡轮机（AST）。它可以节省大量资金。同样，与光伏（PV）系统相关的核心技术是最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）和将太阳能输出转换为与公用电网兼容的逆变器单元。大力发展超级电容器储能技术。测试将在实时数字模拟器（RTDS）上模拟更真实的电网，并与由真实开关设备和控制系统制造的可再生能源相连接。因此，所进行的测试将更加详尽和可信。这种实验室测试以前从未报道过可再生能源。简要目标：1)为AST-DFIG转子侧控制、MPPT控制和PV系统电流整形设计、分析/评估、制作/测试合适的变换器/逆变器拓扑结构及其控制。2)在实时数字模拟器（RTDS）上模拟电力系统网络，将步骤(1)中开发的可再生能源系统与RTDS接口，并进行性能评估。

Wind and solar energies, due to their free availability and clean and renewable character, ranks as the most promising energy resource that could play a key role in solving the world energy crisis. Wind energy growth is exploding at about 70% per year in Canada. This is all because of environmental concerns, increased demand, increased scale of individual unit, maturation of the industry, and hence the reduced cost of manufacturing. Therefore, it is becoming more and more important to develop advanced control techniques so that the integration of renewable resources with the grid is more reliable and efficient and free from power quality problems. In this proposal, research will be directed towards adjustable speed turbines (AST) with doubly fed induction generator (AST-DFIG) with rotor side control because the power converters only need to handle slip power, which may be to the order of 30% of total wind turbine hence reducing the required capacity of other control equipment needed. It results in large savings. Similarly, the core technology associated with photovoltaic (PV) systems is maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and an inverter unit that converts the solar output electrically compatible with the utility grid. Efforts will be made to incorporate ultra capacitor for energy storage. Testing will be done with more realistic power network simulated on real time digital simulator (RTDS) interfaced with the renewable energy sources fabricated with real switching devices and control systems. Therefore, the testing performed will be more exhaustive and credible. This kind of laboratory testing has never been reported before with renewable sources. Brief objectives: 1) Conceive, analyze/evaluate, fabricate/test proper converter/inverter topology and its control for rotor side control of AST-DFIG and control for MPPT and current shaping for PV system. 2) Simulate a power system network on real time digital simulator (RTDS), interface the renewable energy source systems developed in step (1)  with RTDS and do performance evaluation.