Integrated urban flooding analyses with GIS and hydraulic models

在加拿大，城市洪水是一种反复发生的灾难。为了提供有洞察力的城市洪水评估，该项目与加拿大Esri合作创建了一个综合的水力gis模型。目前的Esri解决方案缺乏强大的水力洪水分析工具。美国陆军工程兵团（USACE）开发的开源软件包“水文工程中心-河流分析系统”（HEC-RAS）是广泛使用的水工模型。该项目以Esri加拿大公司为中心，以维持和加强ArcGIS和HEC-RAS软件的结合使用为重点，重点是二维城市洪泛建模。2014年，HEC-RAS宣布并发布了具有2D功能的新版HEC-RAS 5.0版本，使HEC-RAS能够在城市环境中应用。然而，这种应用仍然有限，可能是由于在hec - rasmodeling环境中缺乏对城市基础设施（例如建筑物和道路等）的直接考虑。幸运的是，这些城市元素可以被认为是流域的某些特征（例如粗糙度和不透水百分比）。本研究旨在创建一个ArcGIS Pro工具箱，使这些城市元素具备hec - ras已知的特征。另一方面，HEC-RAS得到的水深、流速等结果可作为ArcGIS Pro的输入和分析。将水深/流速与洪水易损性地图叠加将增强我们对特定社区面临的风险的理解。上述应用程序所需的空间统计技术可以通过R-ArcGIS Bridge实现，它允许在ArcGIS和R代码之间传输数据，而不需要为漏洞和其他映射输出导出和重新导入数据。该项目的最终结果将集成到Esri桌面和Web服务中，以基于位置数据对城市洪涝灾害进行科学评估。

In Canada, urban flooding is a reoccurring disaster. In order to provide insightful urban flooding assessment,the project collaborates with Esri Canada to create an integrated hydraulic-GIS model. Current Esri solutionslack strong hydraulic flood analysis tools. The open source software package Hydrologic EngineeringCenter-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is awidely used hydraulic model. This project centres on a partnership with Esri Canada to sustain and enhance thecombined use of ArcGIS and HEC-RAS software with a focus on 2D urban pluvial flood modelling. In 2014,HEC-RAS announced and released its new HEC-RAS version 5.0 with 2D capabilities, enabling theapplication of HEC-RAS in urban environments. However, such applications are still limited, probably due tothe lack of direct consideration of urban infrastructure (e.g. buildings and roads, etc.) within the HEC-RASmodelling environment. Fortunately, these urban elements can be considered as certain characteristics (e.g.roughness and impervious percentage) of the watershed. This research aims to create an ArcGIS Pro toolbox toprepare these urban elements to HEC-RAS-known characteristics. On the other hand, the results, includingwater depth and water velocity, derived from the HEC-RAS can be used as inputs and analyzed in ArcGIS Pro.Overlaying the water depth/velocity with flood vulnerability maps will enhance our understanding of the risksfaced by specific communities. The desired spatial statistical techniques for the application described abovecan be realized through the R-ArcGIS Bridge, which allows data to be transmit between ArcGIS and R codewithout the need for data export and re-import for vulnerability and other mapping outputs. The final resultsfrom this project will be integrated into Esri desktop and Web services, to evaluate scientifically urban floodinghazards based on locational data.