Assessing genetic diversity and differentiation in endangered Mottled Duskywing (Erynnis martialis) populations to support species recovery efforts

斑翅凤蝶（学名：Erynnis martialis）是一种生活在加拿大的濒危蝴蝶。 为了扭转在过去几十年中观察到的地理范围的收缩，恢复规划文件建议在合适的栖息地仍然存在的历史遗址重新建立物种和/或在以前未被占用的合适栖息地协助殖民。 2015年，Natural Resource Solutions Inc.（NRSI）开始协调一个多年合作项目，通过解决斑点黑翅鸦恢复战略草案中确定的关键行动和知识差距，努力实现这一目标。 拟议的研究将通过解决与斑驳暗翅鸟遗传学相关的关键知识差距，为这项多年合作恢复计划做出贡献。 我们将开发斑点黑翅雀的微卫星遗传标记，并在安大略和美国附近地区的整个物种范围内完成遗传采样。 这将提供信息的遗传多样性和分化的安大略亚群，有效的人口规模（与人口普查的人口规模），并与标记重捕数据正在收集的合作者，间接估计基因流。 鉴于遗传技术现在被广泛用于保护生物学，以确定重新引入的源种群和评估灭绝风险（Frankham等人，2002年），拟议的研究将直接告知斑点黑翅雀种群增加和重新引入安大略的努力。

The Mottled Duskywing (Erynnis martialis) is an endangered butterfly species in Canada. To reverse the contraction in its geographic range observed over the last several decades, recovery-planning documents suggest re-establishing the species at historical sites where suitable habitat remains and/or assisting colonization at previously unoccupied sites with suitable habitat. In 2015, Natural Resource Solutions Inc. (NRSI) began coordinating a multi-year collaborative project to work towards this goal by addressing key actions and knowledge gaps identified in the Draft Recovery Strategy for Mottled Duskywing. The proposed research will contribute to this multi-year collaborative recovery initiative by addressing key knowledge gaps relating to the genetics of the Mottled Duskywing. We will develop microsatellite genetic markers for Mottled Duskywing and complete genetic sampling throughout the species' range in Ontario and nearby locations in the US. This will provide information about the genetic diversity and differentiation of the Ontario subpopulations, effective population size (related to census population size), and, in conjunction with mark-recapture data being collected by collaborators, indirect estimates of gene flow. Given that genetic techniques are now widely used in conservation biology to identify source populations for reintroductions and to assess extinction risk (Frankham et al. 2002), the proposed research will directly inform Mottled Duskywing population augmentation and re-introduction efforts in Ontario.