Occupational Mobility in Spatial Context

尽管美国妇女的参与率迅速上升， 劳动力和努力消除与性别有关歧视 就业，很大比例的妇女仍然陷入某些较低的- 支付职业。 与性别有关的职业分析 种族隔离集中在各种制度、社会和 人口因素。 地理学家们进行了补充研究 分析就业模式和过程的地理方面， 重点关注交通便利程度有限 就业机会的地点限制了妇女的就业机会， 就业 该奖项支持一个项目的继续， 考察了地理，社会学，和个人层面的 男女在不同职业类别中的就业情况 在马萨诸塞州的伍斯特。 本分析的核心数据是 620户工人的详细工作和居住历史。 这些工人的工作地点和职业地位将 进行分析，以确定工作转换的性质和速度， 这些变化的原因。 该项目的第二部分将使用 回归模型，以分析个人就业的性质， 年龄和教育水平等个人属性， 家庭属性，如婚姻状况、 儿童，以及空间属性，如住房的位置， 工作地点和替代工作地点， 接近家庭网站。 本部分分析中包含的数据 也将被用来测试假设的影响，住房 关于就业的重新安置，以及 就业机会影响居民搬迁。 作为最终 作为该项目的一部分，调查人员将调查职业 流动性作为一种社会过程，明确地设定在特定的地方。 的 个人联系和信息收集的程度 家庭和工作地点影响就业搜索将明确 为了探索就业信息的地理分布， 网络. 该项目将建立在早期研究的基础上， 个人、社会和地理因素在个体中相互作用 就业和居住决策。 将特别注意 关注女性和男性在做决定的时候 他们的工作性质和地点，从而有助于更广泛的 关于与性别有关的就业模式的文献。

Despite rapid increases in the participation of women in the U.S. labor force and efforts to eliminate gender-related discrimination in employment, a large percentage of women remain mired in certain lower- paying occupations. Analyses of gender-related occupational segregation have focused on various institutional, social, and demographic factors. Geographers have undertaken complementary analyses of geographic dimensions of employment patterns and processes, focusing on the degree to which limited accessibility to transportation and the location of job opportunities have restricted women's employment. This award supports continuation of a project that examines the geographic, sociological, and personal dimensions of employment for both men and women in different occupational categories in Worcester, Massachusetts. Data at the core of this analysis are the detailed job and residential histories of workers in 620 households. The location and occupational status of jobs held by these workers will be analyzed to determine the nature and rate of job transitions and reasons given for those changes. A second part of the project will use regression models to analyze the nature of individual employment in terms of individual attributes like age and educational levels, household attributes like marital status and numbers and ages of children, and spatial attributes like the locations of housing and work sites and the locations of alternative jobs within reasonable proximity to homesites. Data included in this part of the analysis also will be used to test hypotheses about the impacts of housing relocations on employment and about ways that the geography of employment opportunities affects residential relocations. As a final part of this project, the investigators will investigate occupational mobility as a social process explicitly set in specific places. The degrees to which personal contacts and information gathered at both home and work sites affect employment searches will be explicitly addressed in order to explore the geography of employment-information networks. This project will build on earlier studies by analyzing the interplay of personal, social, and geographic factors in individual employment and residential decision making. Special attention will focus on the different ways that women and men make decisions about the nature and location of their jobs, thereby contributing to the broader literature on gender-related patterns of employment.