Topics in Reciprocity and Standards

该提案介绍了关于两个专题的理论研究。 对互惠的研究将为可能同时表现出利他主义和怨恨的偏好建立一个公理化的基础。它建议使用这种表示提供一个系统的解释大量的实验结果;发展理论，发展游戏中的好行为和坏行为的定义;并提供互惠偏好的进化基础。 关于标准的研究将扩大关于为进入精英群体而设置的障碍的动态的工作。一项研究将把先前关于标准下降的结果推广到候选人可能提供超过进入该群体所需的最低标准的环境中。另一项研究将开发一个模型，解释一个群体的组成如何随着时间的推移而变化。这项研究可能会提供一个什么样的规则导致群体质量是稳定的，随着时间的推移的理解。它还将提供一个理论的基础上，不同的能力，观察质量的隔离。第三项研究将讨论创建新标准的能力如何导致现有标准的退化。

The proposal describes theoretical research on two topics. Research on reciprocity will develop an axiomatic foundation for preferences that may exhibit both altruism and spite. It is proposed to use this representation to provide a systematic explanation of a large body of experimental results; to develop the theory to develop definitions of nice and nasty behavior in games; and to provide evolutionary foundations for preferences for reciprocity. Research on standards will extend work on the dynamics of barriers created to gain entry into elite groups. One study will generalize previous results on declining standards to environments in which candidates may supply more than the minimum necessary to enter the group. Another study will develop a model that explains how the composition of a group changes over time. This study may provide an understanding of what rules lead to group quality to be stable over time. It also will provide a theory of segregation based on differential abilities to observe quality. A third study will discuss how the ability to create new standards leads to a degradation of existing standards.