Topics in Reciprocity and Standards

该提案描述了两个主题的理论研究。对互惠的研究将为利他主义和恶意行为的偏好提供一个公理基础。建议使用这种表示来对大量实验结果提供系统的解释；发展理论，发展游戏中善恶行为的定义；并为互惠偏好提供进化基础。对标准的研究将扩大对为进入精英群体而设置的障碍动态的研究。一项研究将把以前关于标准下降的结果推广到候选人可能提供超过进入小组所需的最低标准的环境中。另一项研究将开发一个模型来解释群体的组成如何随着时间的推移而变化。这项研究可以帮助我们理解是什么规则导致群体质量随着时间的推移而保持稳定。它还将提供一种基于观察质量的不同能力的分离理论。第三项研究将讨论创造新标准的能力如何导致现有标准的退化。

The proposal describes theoretical research on two topics. Research on reciprocity will develop an axiomatic foundation for preferences that may exhibit both altruism and spite. It is proposed to use this representation to provide a systematic explanation of a large body of experimental results; to develop the theory to develop definitions of nice and nasty behavior in games; and to provide evolutionary foundations for preferences for reciprocity. Research on standards will extend work on the dynamics of barriers created to gain entry into elite groups. One study will generalize previous results on declining standards to environments in which candidates may supply more than the minimum necessary to enter the group. Another study will develop a model that explains how the composition of a group changes over time. This study may provide an understanding of what rules lead to group quality to be stable over time. It also will provide a theory of segregation based on differential abilities to observe quality. A third study will discuss how the ability to create new standards leads to a degradation of existing standards.