Ground Failure and Building Performance in Adapazari, Turkey

CMS 0085130标题：“土耳其阿达帕扎里的地面破坏和建筑性能“PI：J. Bray机构：加州大学伯克利分校摘要：阿达帕扎里的“现场实验室”，数百座建筑物沉降、倾斜和倒塌，部分原因是液化和地面软化，提供了一个记录地面破坏对建筑性能影响的绝佳机会。 此外，还有一些破坏性的地面反应，以前没有记录的意见。 建筑物和软化地基土之间的地震相互作用是一个特别重要的特征，因为地面破坏在建筑物附近和下方比远离建筑物更普遍和严重。 目前的指导方针，如加州危险绘图计划，是关于液化对建筑物性能的影响和必要的缓解措施的定义很差。 需要更多的建筑性能文件和地下表征，以从这一特殊的现场实验室中学习有关地基软化和破坏对结构的影响以及土-结构相互作用和反应对地基性能的影响的经验教训。拟议研究的主要目标是在经历中度至严重地基破坏的场地上开发记录良好的建筑性能案例历史，以便专业人员可以使用这些案例来促进我们对这些现象的理解，并提高我们对它们进行数值模拟的能力。 一个平行的目标是提供阿达帕扎里和邻近社区的地面性能数据的全面记录，以便吸取更多的经验教训。 这个研究项目结合了领导和参与科贾埃利地震侦察工作的几位教授和学生的才能。 它通过主要的土耳其教授进行了有效的协调，他们分享了他们的专业知识，数据和设备。 现有的航空照片提供了协调研究和概括调查结果的机会。 该小组获得了土耳其政府收集的详细损失统计数据。 将更好地记录关键案例历史的建筑系统，因为地面破坏似乎部分是由于上覆结构的动态响应引起的。 例如，在未开发地区，地面塌陷并不普遍，高层建筑比矮层建筑沉降得更多。 此外，严重地面破坏的地区包含严重的结构破坏。 由于整个阿达帕扎里地下条件的显著变化，有效的静力触探测试将是非常宝贵的。 但重要的是要将这种类型的测试与标准贯入测试联系起来，在标准贯入测试中，由于许多沉积物中存在大量非塑性，有时是塑性的细粉，这些细粉会因摇动而软化。

CMS0085130Title: "Ground Failure and Building Performance in Adapazari, Turkey"PI: J. BrayInstitution: University of California at BerkeleyAbstract:The "field laboratory" of Adapazari, where hundreds of buildings settled, tilted and collapsed due in part to liquefaction and ground softening, provides an exceptional opportunity to document the effects of ground failure on building performance. Moreover, there are a number of observations of damaging ground response that have not been documented previously. The seismic interaction between buildings and softened foundation soils is an especially important feature, as ground failure appeared to be more prevalent and severe adjacent to and under buildings than away from structures. Current guidelines, such as the California Hazard Mapping Program, are poorly defined regarding the effects of liquefaction on building performance and necessary mitigation measures. Considerably more building performance documentation and subsurface characterization are required to learn the lessons from this exceptional field laboratory on the effects of ground softening and failure on structures and the effects of soil-structural interaction and response on ground performance.The primary goal of the proposed study is to develop well-documented case histories of building performance at sites undergoing moderate to severe ground failure, so that the profession can use these case histories to advance our understanding of these phenomena and enhance our ability to numerically simulate them. A parallel goal is to provide a comprehensive record of ground performance data in Adapazari and adjacent communities so that additional lessons can be learned. This research project combines the talents of several professors and students who led and participated in reconnaissance efforts of the Kocaeli earthquake. It has been effectively coordinated through key Turkish professors who are sharing their expertise, data, and equipment. Existing aerial photographs offer the opportunity to coordinate the study and generalize findings. The team has access to detailed damage statistics collected by the Turkish government. Building systems for key case histories will be better documented, because ground failure appeared to be caused in part due to the dynamic response of the overlying structures. For example, ground failure was not pervasive in undeveloped areas, and taller buildings settled more than shorter buildings. Additionally, areas with significant ground failure contained significant structural damage. Due to the significant variations in subsurface conditions across Adapazari, efficient Cone Penetration Testing will be invaluable. But it is important to tie this type of testing with Standard Penetration Testing, where soil samples are retrieved, due to the presence of significant nonplastic, and sometimes plastic, fines in many of the deposits that softened as a result of shaking.