SBIR Phase I: Plasticized Poly(lactic Acid) (PLA) Nanocomposites

SBIR 第一阶段：增塑聚乳酸 (PLA) 纳米复合材料

• 批准号: 0214769
• 负责人: Andrew Myers
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: TDA Research, Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-07-01 至 2002-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0214769&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBIR; Phase; Plasticized; Poly; lactic

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I Project will develop plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. PLA is a biopolymer derived from corn that is stiff at room temperature, but that can be made more flexible by adding significant amounts of plasticizers. Plasticizers are small, often volatile molecules that are incorporated, but not bound, into polymers to make them softer. These plasticizers can migrate out of PLA, forming a sticky layer on the surface and leaving the plastic hard and brittle. Technology that could both reduce the amount of plasticizer necessary to lower the glass transition temperature and to prevent the plasticizer from leaching out of the polymer would create large new market opportunities for PLA. This Phase I project proposes to increase the permanence of plasticizers by incorporating nanoparticle-anchored plasticizers into PLA. Anchored plasticizers would not be volatile, and extraction and migration should be significantly lower. The anchored plasticizer will still affect the glassy to rubbery transition of the host material, and yet the permanence of the plasticizer will be substantially increased. The commercial applications of this project will be in a number of consumer use markets that rely on petroleum as the starting material. They include flexible plastic films, bags, and toys. Flexible PLA also has the potential to replace commodity thermoplastics like polyolefins and PVC in specific applications.

该小型企业创新研究 (SBIR) 第一阶段项目将开发增塑聚乳酸 (PLA) 纳米复合材料。 PLA 是一种从玉米中提取的生物聚合物，在室温下是坚硬的，但通过添加大量增塑剂可以使其变得更加柔韧。增塑剂是小的、通常是挥发性的分子，它们被掺入但不结合到聚合物中以使它们更软。这些增塑剂会从 PLA 中迁移出来，在表面形成粘性层，使塑料变硬变脆。既可以减少降低玻璃化转变温度所需的增塑剂用量，又可以防止增塑剂从聚合物中浸出的技术将为聚乳酸创造巨大的新市场机会。该第一阶段项目建议通过将纳米颗粒锚定增塑剂纳入 PLA 中来提高增塑剂的持久性。锚定增塑剂不会挥发，萃取和迁移应显着降低。锚定的增塑剂仍然会影响主体材料的玻璃态到橡胶态的转变，并且增塑剂的持久性将显着增加。该项目的商业应用将在许多依赖石油作为原材料的消费者使用市场。它们包括柔性塑料薄膜、袋子和玩具。在特定应用中，柔性 PLA 还具有取代聚烯烃和 PVC 等商用热塑性塑料的潜力。