CAREER: Directed Assembly of Nanoparticles; A Tool to Enable the Fabrication of Nanoparticle Based Devices

目标。这一职业计划的第一个研究目标是开发一种并行工具，将纳米颗粒和小部件定位到表面上。将要开发的策略是基于定向自组装；它使用带有区域(受体)的图案化表面，这些区域(受体)与基于纳米颗粒的设备组件相互作用。驱动组装过程的相互作用是基于静电力。这项研究的中心目标是证明纳米技术设备可以通过纳米颗粒构建块的定向自组装来组装。作为第一个器件例子，研究将集中在使用纳米硅作为沟道元件的垂直流场效应晶体管的制造上。具体的职业目标是：开发一种基于定向自组装的平行工具，将纳米颗粒和小部件定位在分辨率低于100 nm的表面上。从理论和实验上研究关键因素和最终解决方案。将开发的工具应用于一般纳米技术器件的制造，特别是垂直流动FET。促进跨学科教育和推广到更广泛的社区。智力上的优点。纳米粒子可以提供多种功能，被认为是未来纳米技术设备的基石。这类器件的例子有单电子晶体管、基于量子效应的激光器、光子带隙材料、滤光片和波导器。利用随机粒子沉积和单粒子操纵实现了器件原型。这些策略对制造和探索新的设备架构很有用；然而，它们在成品率和速度方面的滞后将在未来得到克服。基于自组装和定向组装的制造策略可以克服这些困难。这项计划将促进定向自组装领域的知识。这项研究将重点放在静电相互作用上，因为它们是长距离的和非物质特有的(任何粒子都可以被捕获)。PI发明了一种并行工艺，以100纳米分辨率对电荷进行图案化处理(发表在《科学》杂志2001上，见参考文献)。在初步实验中，这些电荷模式允许从气相和液态指导纳米颗粒的组装。这些发现表明，表面电荷或外部偏置电极产生的静电力可以用来将纳米颗粒引导到衬底上的特定位置。这位研究人员认为，这种基于远程静电相互作用的静电定向自组装将比其他使用蛋白质识别、DNA杂交、疏水性/亲水性和磁相互作用的策略具有显著优势。职业生涯计划为实现PI的长期研究目标奠定了基础，该目标是使用各种不同的短程和长程相互作用来指导小部件和纳米颗粒的组装，以制造二维和三维的功能设备。更广泛的影响。如果这个职业规划的研究部分被证明是成功的，那么它的更广泛的影响怎么说都不为过。例如，材料可以在蒸气或溶液中创建为纳米颗粒，在那里它们可以使用成熟的方法进行处理。在任意衬底上定位任意材料的颗粒和小部件的能力可以使基于其他不兼容材料的技术融合在一起。应用的例子包括量子电子器件(在本计划中涉及)，用于可穿戴智能的塑料或织物上的集成电路，以及用于光学芯片外和跨芯片通信的合并的光学/电子结构。教育目标。该职业计划的教育目标集中于培养人们对PI的研究以及探索性的、跨学科的研究的认识和兴奋。它强调在学生的整个学术生涯中为他们提供持续参与的机会的重要性。这种教育方法深受国际学生联合会教育经验的影响，包括以下几个要点：1)面向高中学生和教师，2)本科教育，3)本科研究，4)研究生教育，5)研究生研究，6)面向公众。“纳米科学和纳米技术的进步有望在未来几十年对健康、财富和和平产生重大影响。这一领域的知识正在全球范围内增长，导致基础科学进步。反过来，这将导致材料、设备和系统被理解和创造的方式发生巨大变化。”--米哈伊尔·C·罗科之后。这项研究是促进知识进步的一个因素。它意味着设备和系统的创建方式发生了戏剧性的变化。

Goals. The first research objective of this CAREER program is to develop a parallel tool to position nanoparticles and small components onto surfaces. The strategy that will be developed is based on directed self-assembly; it uses a patterned surface with areas (receptors) that interact with nanoparticle based device components. The interaction driving the assembly process is based on electrostatic forces. The central goal of the research is to demonstrate that nanotechnological devices can be assembled by the directed self-assembly of nanoparticle building blocks. As a first device example the research will focus on the fabrication of a vertical flow field effect transistor that uses a silicon nanoparticle as channel element. The specific CAREER objectives are:To develop a parallel tool that is based on directed self-assembly to position nanoparticles and small components on surfaces with sub 100 nm resolution. To study the key factors and ultimate resolution in theory and experiment.To apply the developed tool to fabricate nanotechnological devices in general and a vertical flow FET in particular.To foster a cross-disciplinary education and outreach to a broad community. Intellectual merits. Nanoparticles can provide a variety of functions and are considered as building blocks for future nanotechnological devices. Examples of such devices are single electron transistors, quantum-effect-based lasers, photonic bandgap materials, filters, and wave-guides. Device prototypes have been realized using random particle deposition and single particle manipulation. Such strategies are useful to fabricate and explore new device architectures; however, their lag in yield and speed will have to be overcome in the future. Fabrication strategies that are based on self-assembly and directed assembly may overcome these difficulties. This program will advance the knowledge in the area of directed self-assembly. The research will focus on electrostatic interactions because they are long-range and non-material specific (any particle can be trapped). The PI invented a parallel process to pattern charge at 100 nm resolution (published in Science 2001, see bibliography). In a preliminary experiment, these charge patterns allowed to direct the assembly of nanoparticles from the gas phase and liquid phase. These findings demonstrate that electrostatic forces resulting from surface charges or externally biased electrodes can be used to guide nanoparticles to specific locations on a substrate. The investigator believes that such an electrostatically-directed self-assembly, because it is based on long-range electrostatic interactions, will give a significant advantage over other strategies that use protein recognition, DNA hybridization, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, and magnetic interaction. The CAREER program lays down the ground work to accomplish the PI's long term research goal, which is to use a variety of different short range and long range interactions to direct the assembly of small components and nanoparticles to fabricate functional devices in two- and three dimensions. Broader impact. It is difficult to overstate the broader impact of the research component of this CAREER pogram, if it proves successful. For example, materials could be created as nanoparticles in the vapor or in solution, where they could be processed using well established methods. The ability to localize particles and small components of arbitrary materials on arbitrary substrates could allow the merging of technologies based on otherwise incompatible materials. Examples of applications include quantum electronic devices (addressed in this program), integrated circuits on plastics or fabrics for wearable intelligence, and merged optical/electronic structures for optical off-chip and cross-chip communication. Educational objectives. The educational objectives of the CAREER program focuses on creating awareness and transmitting excitement about the PI's research as well as exploratory, interdisciplinary research in general. It emphasizes on the importance of providing continuous opportunities for student involvement throughout their academic careers. Strongly influenced by the PI's educational experiences, the educational approach includes the following key points: 1) outreach to high school students and teachers, 2) undergraduate education, 3) undergraduate research, 4) graduate education, 5) graduate research, and 6) outreach to the general public.Societal implications. "Advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology promise to have major implications for health, wealth, and peace in the upcoming decades. Knowledge in this field is growing worldwide, leading to fundamental scientific advances. In turn, this will lead to dramatic changes in the ways that materials, devices, and systems are understood and create." - after Mihail C. Roco. This research is one element to advance knowledge. It suggests a dramatic change in the way that devices and systems are created.