Comparative Genome Analysis of Foliar and Root Infecting Members of the Magnaporthaceae

Magnaporthaceae 叶和根感染成员的比较基因组分析

• 批准号: 0731808
• 负责人: Ralph Dean
• 金额: $ 100.96万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-10-01 至 2012-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0731808&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Comparative; Genome; Analysis; Foliar; Root

Comparative genomics provides a powerful window into ways that nature molds a genome over time. This project builds on previous work supported by the NSF-USDA Microbial Genome Sequencing Program which characterized the genome of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. The current grant will support comparative analysis of the genome of M. oryzae with its close relatives, Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici and Magnaporthe poae. G. graminis is the destructive agent of "take-all" disease of domesticated and wild grasses, including wheat, barley, rye and oats. It is also common on turf grasses and can be mistaken for "summer patch" caused by M. poae. Both fungi infect roots through the formation of a specialized structure called a hyphopodia. In contrast, M. oryzae, infects leaf tissue through the formation of an appressorium. The asexual spore states of these fungi also differ. The project objectives are to generate 7X draft genome assemblies for G. graminis var. tritici and M. poae, to generate ESTs from cDNA pools derived from G. graminis var. tritici and M. oryzae using 454 sequencing, to provide a public database for each genome complete with automated gene predictions and annotations and to create a user-friendly genome browser to enable phylogenomic analyses between G. graminis var. tritici, M. poae, and M. oryzae. Comparative genome analyses will enable rigorous evaluation of the genetic and evolutionary basis of structure-functional relationships associated with their different developmental patterns and different disease pathologies caused by these three fungi. It has been estimated that enough rice is lost to the rice blast fungus to feed tens of millions of people each year. The broader impact of this work is that understanding genome-scale patterns of descent in fungi closely related to rice blast and important plant pathogens in their own right, will reveal important clues to some fundamental recurrent issues in fungal biology, evolution and ecology, such as asexual growth, development and pathological adaptation. This project will have broader impact by providing opportunities for the Magnaporthe and Gaeumannomyces research communities to share their collective expertise and by providing meaningful research experiences for undergraduate students.

比较基因组学提供了一扇强大的窗口，让我们了解大自然是如何随着时间的推移塑造基因组的。该项目建立在NSF-USDA微生物基因组测序计划支持的先前工作的基础上，该计划表征了稻瘟病真菌Magnaporthe oryzae的基因组。目前的拨款将支持对m.o yzae与其近亲Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici和Magnaporthe poae的基因组进行比较分析。G. graminis是对驯化和野生禾草（包括小麦、大麦、黑麦和燕麦）“全蚀”病的破坏性病原体。在草坪草上也很常见，可能被误认为是由M. poae引起的“夏季斑块”。这两种真菌都是通过形成一种叫做菌丝的特殊结构来感染根的。相反，m.o ryzae通过附着胞的形成感染叶片组织。这些真菌的无性孢子状态也不同。该项目的目标是生成7X个小麦黑麦病变种和小麦黑麦病变种的基因组组装草图，利用454测序技术从小麦黑麦病变种和小麦黑麦病变种的cDNA库中生成ESTs，为每个基因组提供一个公共数据库，并完成自动基因预测和注释，并创建一个用户友好的基因组浏览器，以实现小麦黑麦病变种、小麦黑麦病变种和小麦黑麦病变种之间的系统基因组分析。比较基因组分析将能够严格评估与这三种真菌不同发育模式和不同疾病病理相关的结构-功能关系的遗传和进化基础。据估计，每年因稻瘟病真菌而损失的大米足以养活数千万人。这项工作的广泛影响是，了解与稻瘟病和重要植物病原体密切相关的真菌的基因组规模的下降模式，将为真菌生物学，进化和生态学中的一些基本问题提供重要线索，例如无性生长，发育和病理适应。该项目将产生更广泛的影响，为Magnaporthe和Gaeumannomyces的研究团体提供机会，分享他们的集体专业知识，并为本科生提供有意义的研究经验。