Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Noble-Metal Nanostructures and Applications

这项由材料研究部固态化学项目授予华盛顿大学的奖项是对控制金属纳米结构合成的因素的理解，以便人们可以预见地为它们准备好良好控制的形状、大小和成分，以便集成到各种技术中。这项工作的主要重点将放在对纳米结构中孪生缺陷的产生和控制的机理研究上，从而更深入地了解在其中可以制造特定形状的纳米结构的基本框架。这是纳米科学和纳米技术中的一个重要领域，也是一个具有挑战性的问题，因为材料的性质和功能(如光子学和催化)敏感地依赖于表面形貌。目前的艺术状态更像是艺术，而不是科学。这项拟议的工作有望为机械控制提供一些基本的见解，从而为材料设计和制备提供理论基础。这一基本认识对设计此类纳米粒子在传感、电子学、催化和医学等领域的应用具有重要意义。该项目涉及固态化学/物理、催化和光子学等多个科学学科，在医学、环境、能源等领域具有潜在的应用前景。国际和平研究所计划继续向科学界广泛传播他的研究成果。如果该项目成功，预计将在用于传感的新型纳米材料、生物医学应用以及将解决与国家安全、健康、环境和能源相关的问题的催化等领域取得新的进展。此外，计划中的研究预计将通过这种多学科的研究和培训来促进研究生和本科教育。

This award, a renewal of an earlier one, to Washington University by the Solid State Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research is to develop an understanding of factors governing the synthesis of metal nanostructures so that one may predictably prepare them with well-controlled shapes, sizes, and compositions for integration into various technologies. The main focus of this work will be on the mechanistic studies of the generation and control of the twin defects in the nanostructures and hence a deeper understanding of the fundamental framework within which nanostructures of a certain shape can be fabricated. This is an important area and yet challenging issue in nanoscience and nanotechnology in that the materials properties and functionalities (e.g., photonics and catalysis) are sensitively dependent upon the surface morphologies. The current state of the art is more like art than science. The proposed work is anticipated to offer some fundamental insights to the mechanistic control and hence a rationale for materials design and preparation. Such a fundamental understanding is highly relevant to design such nanoparticles for applications in sensing, electronics, catalysis and medicine.The project has links with many scientific disciplines that include solid state chemistry/physics, catalysis, and photonics, and has potential applications in medicine, environment, energy and other fields. The PI plans to continue to widely disseminate the results from his studies to the science community. This project, if successful, is expected to provide new advances in such areas as new class of nanomaterials for sensing, biomedical applications, and catalysis that will address issues related to national security, health, environment, and energy. In addition, the planned research is expected to enhance both graduate and undergraduate education through this multidisciplinary research and training.