TRMS: An Integrative Study of Plant Mitochondrial Biology

TRMS：植物线粒体生物学的综合研究

• 批准号: 0820668
• 负责人: Sally Mackenzie
• 金额: $ 142.08万
• 依托单位: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0820668&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: TRMS; Integrative; Study; Plant; Mitochondrial

PI: Sally Mackenzie (University of Nebraska) CoPIs: Alan Christensen (University of Nebraska), Tom Elthon (University of Nebraska), Dong Wang (University of Nebraska) Collaborator: Andrew Benson (University of Nebraska)Plant mitochondrial genomes have undergone a number of changes in their structure and maintenance properties that distinguish them from their mammalian counterparts. Most plant genomes characterized to date are a complex collection of linear and circular interconverting molecules that display evidence of recombination, foreign DNA integration and changes in relative copy number. These genomic activities are controlled by nuclear genes that can be manipulated in their expression to cause mitochondrial genome instability. Using this approach in tomato, tobacco, millet, sorghum, soybean and Arabidopsis allows for cross-species comparison of mitochondrial genome disruption. This project exploits this system to identify cellular and developmental pathways that are directly influenced by mitochondrial genome status, conserved across plant species, and evidenced by changes in plant phenotypes. The central hypothesis of the project states that mitochondrial status in plants is integrated into discrete pathways for plastid development, pollen development, cell cycle control and particular plant stress responses. The project provides unique entry to these pathway integration points by combining Arabidopsis mutant analysis and cross-species comparisons with mitochondrial and gene expression analysis. While it has long been known that plant mitochondria play distinct roles in metabolism, growth and development, direct mitochondrial manipulations prior to this study were largely restricted to inhibitor studies with limited opportunity for extrapolation to whole plant phenotype. Broader impacts of the study. Plant mitochondrial genome rearrangement can lead to altered plant phenotypes of agricultural importance. For example, these studies have already produced evidence of cytoplasmic male sterility, a trait useful in hybrid seed production and transgene containment, and of enhanced crop thermotolerance. Both valuable traits are difficult to attain using conventional crop breeding approaches. With regard to training opportunities, the Center for Plant Science Innovation (PSI) at University of Nebraska sponsors an undergraduate summer internship program that integrates to the proposed project; through this program, four minority students have already been recruited into graduate programs in the past two years. The PSI also directs the Nebraska Molecular Plant Breeding Graduate Program; this project sponsors at least two plant breeding students on the proposed project. Currently, the US faces a critical shortage of plant breeders with cross-cutting expertise in field management of transgenic crops, DNA marker-based selection, statistics, and comparative genomics. This project provides fertile ground for such training, in cooperation with plant breeders on campus and in industry.Project data will be accessible via http://psiweb.unl.edu/mackenzie/ and gene expression data released to ArrayExpress (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray-as/ae/).

主要研究者：Sally麦肯齐（内布拉斯加大学）CoPI：Alan Christensen（内布拉斯加大学），Tom Elthon（内布拉斯加大学），Dong Wang（内布拉斯加大学）合作者：Andrew Benson（内布拉斯加大学）植物线粒体基因组在其结构和维护特性方面发生了许多变化，使其与哺乳动物相区别。 迄今为止，大多数植物基因组特征是线性和环状相互转化分子的复杂集合，其显示重组、外源DNA整合和相对拷贝数变化的证据。 这些基因组活性由核基因控制，核基因可以在其表达中被操纵以引起线粒体基因组不稳定性。 在番茄、烟草、小米、高粱、大豆和拟南芥中使用这种方法允许线粒体基因组破坏的跨物种比较。 该项目利用该系统来识别直接受线粒体基因组状态影响的细胞和发育途径，这些途径在植物物种中保守，并通过植物表型的变化来证明。 该项目的中心假设指出，植物中的线粒体状态被整合到质体发育、花粉发育、细胞周期控制和特定植物胁迫反应的离散途径中。 该项目通过将拟南芥突变体分析和跨物种比较与线粒体和基因表达分析相结合，为这些途径整合点提供了独特的入口。 虽然人们早就知道植物线粒体在代谢、生长和发育中发挥独特的作用，但在本研究之前，直接线粒体操作主要限于抑制剂研究，外推到整个植物表型的机会有限。 研究的更广泛影响。 植物线粒体基因组重排可导致具有农业重要性的植物表型改变。 例如，这些研究已经提供了细胞质雄性不育的证据，这是一种在杂交种子生产和转基因控制中有用的性状，也是增强作物耐热性的证据。 这两个有价值的性状是很难获得使用传统的作物育种方法。关于培训机会，内布拉斯加大学植物科学创新中心（PSI）赞助了一项与拟议项目相结合的本科生暑期实习计划;通过该计划，过去两年中已有四名少数民族学生被招募进入研究生课程。 PSI还指导内布拉斯加州分子植物育种研究生项目;该项目赞助至少两名植物育种学生参与拟议项目。 目前，美国面临着在转基因作物田间管理、基于DNA标记的选择、统计学和比较基因组学方面具有跨领域专业知识的植物育种者的严重短缺。 该项目与校园和工业界的植物育种者合作，为这种培训提供了肥沃的土壤，项目数据可通过http://psiweb.unl.edu/mackenzie/获得，基因表达数据可通过ArrayExpress（http：//www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray-as/ae/）获得。