Colloidal Interactions and Collective Behavior in Non-Conservative Optical Force Fields

非保守光学力场中的胶体相互作用和集体行为

• 批准号: 0855741
• 负责人: David Grier
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0855741&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Colloidal; Interactions; Collective; Behavior; Non

****NON-TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****How do molecular motors coordinate their movements to power our muscles? By what principles do such nanometer-scale machines exploit molecular chaos to do their work? Answers to these questions would not only provide valuable insights into natural systems and processes, but also could provide a basis for developing new technology. This research program seeks these answers through experimental studies on model systems that participate in the same physical processes, but whose motivating forces can be tuned and whose behavior lends itself to detailed analysis. These systems are created from very small microscopic particles (colloidal particles) moving through force fields exerted by computer-designed holograms. The colloidal particles? three-dimensional motions are measured with very high resolution using holographic video microscopy and analyzed using the latest developments in the theory of nonequilibrium statistical physics. Recently, this approach has revealed the existence of Brownian vortexes, noise-driven micromachines that do work even in quiescent force fields. Insights into activation and synchronization of natural and artificial micromachines should emerge from a systematic study of Brownian vortexes created from colloidal spheres and specifically crafted beams of light. The combination of holographic experimental techniques used in this project defines the state of the art in this field. In addition to powering this research program, holographic control over the microscopic world will continue to take center stage in New York University's Scientific Frontiers program, a K-12 educational outreach activity that brings hundreds of New York City schoolchildren to NYU for hands-on laboratory experiences.**** TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****This experimental program combines holographic optical trapping with holographic video microscopy to probe the statistical physics of individual and interacting colloidal particles moving through non-conservative force fields. Recent developments of optical micromanipulation techniques have created new opportunities to exert precisely controlled forces on microscopically textured systems. Phase gradients in holographically projected traps can give rise to forces and torques that generically violate conservation of mechanical energy. Colloidal particles in phase-enabled optical traps therefore constitute an exceptionally flexible test-bed for new ideas in nonequilibrium statistical physics. The experimental program will exploit new methods of holographic video microscopy to measure the three-dimensional trajectories of optically trapped colloidal particles with nanometer resolution. The holographic optical traps will be designed to optimize both conservative and non-conservative forces. The resulting rich data sets will provide direct insights into the single-particle dynamics, inter-particle interactions, and many-body collective behavior of driven dissipative steady states. Each element of this project, from holographic control of light-induced forces, to synchronization and entropy production in coupled arrays of stochastic heat engines involves the resolution of outstanding scientific and technological questions. The techniques developed for this program, furthermore, will continue to take center stage in New York University's Scientific Frontiers program, a K-12 educational outreach activity that brings hundreds of New York City schoolchildren to NYU for hands-on laboratory tours.

****非技术抽象****分子电动机如何协调其运动以动力我们的肌肉？通过哪些原则，这样的纳米规模机器利用分子混乱来完成工作？这些问题的答案不仅可以为自然系统和流程提供宝贵的见解，而且还可以为开发新技术提供基础。该研究计划通过对参与相同物理过程的模型系统的实验研究来寻求这些答案，但可以调节其动力的力量，并且其行为可以详细分析。这些系统是由非常小的显微镜颗粒（胶体颗粒）通过计算机设计的全息图施加的力场而产生的。胶体颗粒？使用全息视频显微镜以非常高的分辨率测量三维运动，并使用非平衡统计物理学理论中的最新发展进行了分析。 最近，这种方法揭示了即使在静态力场中也起作用的噪声驱动的微型机器的存在。对天然和人工微机器激活和同步的洞察力应从对胶体球和专门制作的光束产生的布朗涡流的系统研究中出现。 该项目中使用的全息实验技术的组合定义了该领域的最新技术。除了为这项研究计划提供动力外，对微观世界的全息控制将继续在纽约大学的科学领域计划中占据中心地位，这是一项K-12教育外展活动，将纽约市的学童带到NYU到NYU，可实现实验室实验室体验。相互作用的胶体颗粒穿过非保守力场。 光学微观流动技术的最新发展创造了新的机会，可以在显微镜纹理系统上施加精确控制力。 全息陷阱中的相位梯度会导致力量和扭矩，从而违反机械能的保护。 因此，在非平衡统计物理学中，胶体颗粒构成了一个非常灵活的测试床。实验程序将利用全息视频显微镜的新方法来测量具有纳米分辨率的光学捕获胶体颗粒的三维轨迹。全息光学陷阱的设计旨在优化保守和非保守力。所得的丰富数据集将直接洞悉单粒子动力学，粒子间相互作用以及驱动耗散稳态的多体集体行为。该项目的每个元素，从对光诱导的力的全息控制到随机热发动机耦合阵列中的同步和熵产生，都涉及解决杰出的科学和技术问题。此外，为该计划开发的技术将继续在纽约大学的科学领域计划中占据中心地位，这是K-12的教育外展活动，将数百名纽约市学童带到纽约大学进行动手实验室旅行。