Statistical Mechanics of Colloidal Particles in Optical Force Fields

光学力场中胶体粒子的统计力学

• 批准号: 1305875
• 负责人: David Grier
• 金额: $ 52万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1305875&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Statistical; Mechanics; Colloidal; Particles; Optical

****Technical Abstract****This project will use a combination of experimental observations and theoretical investigations to elucidate the properties of Brownian vortexes, a newly discovered category of stochastic machines that use random thermal forces to transduce energy into motion. Whereas conventional deterministic machines waste energy punching through fluctuations, stochastic machines instead take advantage of random forces to work through their thermodynamic cycles. Unlike other stochastic machines, Brownian vortexes evolve in static force fields that combine conservative traps and non-conservative driving forces. Analogs of such systems are believed to occur in biochemical, social and financial networks. Developing a fundamental understanding of how Brownian vortexes work will provide doctoral dissertations for two graduate students and honors theses for four undergraduate Physics majors. This experimental program already has fostered the development of the first practical tractor beams and the first knotted force fields, both of which also have immediate real-world applications.****Non-Technical Abstract****Much of our nation's technology is based on combinations of elementary machines, such as wheels, levers and screws. This project will elucidate the properties of a new type of elementary machine called a Brownian vortex that uses random thermal noise to transform energy into motion. The program's fundamental goals are to develop a deep physical understanding of how Brownian vortexes work and how to recognize and characterize them when they arise naturally in complex systems. This program will provide doctoral disserations for two graduate students and honors theses for four undergraduate Physics majors. The experiments on which these students will work take advantage of state-of-the-art techniques of optical micromanipulation, in which the forces and torques exerted by computer-designed holograms are used to create and drive microscopic machines both to advance fundamental knowledge and also for practical applications.

****技术摘要****该项目将结合实验观察和理论研究的组合来阐明布朗尼涡流的性质，布朗尼涡流是一种新发现的随机机器类别，这些机器使用随机热力将能量传递到运动中。传统的确定机器浪费了通过波动来打孔，而随机机器则利用随机力通过其热力学循环起作用。 与其他随机机器不同，布朗涡流在结合保守的陷阱和非保守驱动力的静态力场中发展。据信这种系统的类似物发生在生化，社会和金融网络中。 对Brownian Vortexes的工作如何为两名研究生提供博士学位论文的基本了解，并为四个本科生专业的论文提供荣誉。该实验程序已经促进了第一个实用拖拉机梁和第一个打结的力场的开发，它们都具有直接的现实应用。****非技术抽象****我们国家的大部分技术都基于基本机器的组合，例如轮子，操纵杆和螺丝。 该项目将阐明一种新型基本机器的特性，称为Brownian Vortex，该机器使用随机的热噪声将能量转化为运动。 该计划的基本目标是对布朗尼涡流的工作方式以及如何在复杂系统中自然出现时如何识别和表征它们有深刻的物理理解。 该计划将为两名研究生提供博士论文，并为四个本科生专业的荣誉论文提供荣誉。这些学生将利用光学微观流动的最先进技术进行的实验，其中使用计算机设计的全息图施加的力和扭矩来创建和驱动微观机器，以提高基本知识以及用于实际应用。