Economy, Monumentalism, and Paleoecology at Huaca Prieta, Peru

跨学科的研究，由考古学领域的领导和博士汤姆D。范德比尔特大学的Dillehay和一个秘鲁考古学家和古生态学家小组将研究秘鲁沙漠北海岸人类和环境的长期相互作用。该研究小组由考古学家、地质学家、遗传学家、植物学家、动物学家和其他科学家组成，他们将研究全新世中期海洋/内陆猎人、采集者和园艺家的社会经济和环境系统的长期动态。7，000 - 4，000年前）瓦卡普列塔遗址。该遗址不仅保存完好的考古和古生态记录，提供了对古代猎人/采集者/农民的各种早期社会和生态互动的见解，而且还提供了早期安第斯文明的开端。这个早期沿海地区的人们如何适应剧烈的环境变化（即，研究的具体主题包括：气候变化（如干旱、厄尔尼诺洪水、地震、海啸），以及哪些因素导致社会和经济复杂性增加，并导致海洋/内陆觅食和园艺经济互补。更好地了解这些问题将提供与类似的和不同的人类和环境的相互作用在世界其他地区在其他时间periods.The拟议的研究将文件狩猎采集和早期农民的生存，社会组织，土墩建设和技术的人口在全新世中期。人们认为，正是在这一时期，对各种环境资源区（太平洋沿岸的、沙漠平原、安第斯山脉山麓）的逐渐适应，引发了一些事件，产生了早期的社会和经济特征，为后来的安第斯文明奠定了一些基础。其中的关键研究问题如下：如何密集的景观形成的时间和空间的气候变化等关键因素？加强利用海洋/陆地生态系统对自然资源产生了何种累积影响？在这方面，海洋和陆地的集约化与人类人口是如何相互作用和相互影响的？长期的海洋和陆地食物生产与社会行为系统，特别是丧葬习俗和纪念性景观的建设有什么关系？最后，我们如何评估这一特定社会生态系统随着时间的推移的潜在可持续性？这些问题不仅在人类学中引起广泛的兴趣，而且也是经济、人类生态和农业历史以及我们今天对人类与环境相互作用的理解中长期争论的中心。出版物将以英文和西班牙文编写并提交给学术期刊，但补充资料将以电子形式提供。该网站的双语数据库将与范德比尔特大学的网站链接。计划对秘鲁（特鲁希略和秘鲁天主教大学）和其他学生进行培训，并与附近的马格达莱纳德曹镇开展社区外联方案，以帮助发展生态旅游和考古旅游。

Interdisciplinary research, headed by the field of archeology and directed by Dr. Tom D. Dillehay of Vanderbilt University and a team of Peruvian archeologists and paleo-ecologists, will study the long-term interaction of humans and environments on the desert north coast of Peru. The research team is comprised of archeologists, geologists, geneticists, botanists, zoologists, and other scientists who will study the long-term dynamics of the socio-economic and environmental systems of mixed maritime/inland hunters and gatherers and horticulturalists at the middle Holocene (ca. 7,000-4,000 years ago) site of Huaca Prieta. This site not only contains a well-preserved archeological and paleo-ecological record that offers insights into varied early social and ecological interactions of ancient hunters/gatherers/farmers but also into the beginnings of early Andean civilization. How people at this early coastal site adapted to drastic environmental changes (i.e., droughts, El Nino floods, earthquakes, tsunamis), and what factors led to increased social and economic complexity and to a complementary maritime/inland foraging and horticultural economy are the specific subjects of study. A better understanding of these issues will afford comparison with similar and dissimilar human and environmental interactions in other areas of the world during other time periods.The proposed study will document hunter-gatherer and early farmer subsistence, social organization, mound-building, and technology of a human population during the middle Holocene period. It is during this period that gradual adaptation to varied environmental resource zones (Pacific littoral, desert plains, foothills of the Andes) are believed to have set in motion events that gave rise to early social and economic features, which laid some foundations for later Andean civilizations. Among the key research questions are the following: How are intensive landscapes shaped by such key factors as temporal and spatial climate variation? What kinds of cumulative impacts to natural resources arise from the intensified use of the maritime/terrestrial ecosystems? How do maritime and terrestrial intensification and human demography interact and influence each other in this context? How does long-term maritime and terrestrial food production relate to social systems of behavior, especially mortuary practices and the construction of a monumental landscape? Finally, how can we assess the potential sustainability of this particular socio-ecosystem over time? These questions are not only of widespread anthropological interest; they also lie at the center of long-standing debates in economic, human ecological, and agricultural histories and in our understanding of human and environmental interactions today.The proposed research has broader impacts as well. Publications will be prepared and submitted to academic journals in English and Spanish, but additional information will be presented in electronic form. A bilingual database for the site will be linked to Vanderbilt University's web site. The training of Peruvian (Universidad Nacional de Trujillo and Pontificia Universidad Católica Perú) and other students and a community outreach program with the nearby town of Magdalena de Cao is planned to help develop ecotourism and archeological tourism.