Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Early Preceramic Cultural Adaptation and Diversity on the North Coast of Peru

在汤姆·D博士的指导下。Dillehay，Greg Maggard，A Ph. D.在肯塔基州大学的候选人，将进行考古材料的分析，从挖掘几个早期陶瓷时期的遗址位于秘鲁北部沙漠海岸的巴坦克夫拉达恢复。 早期前陶瓷时期，从11，200 - 9，000年前持续，代表了南美洲西部这一地区最初的人类殖民。 巴坦的遗址所代表的早期狩猎采集者群体包括几个技术综合体（例如，鱼尾纹、Paijan纹和单面纹）。 这些复合体表明了对不同环境区域和不同生活方式的不同适应。早期前陶瓷时期的不同文化适应包括不同的遗址位置模式、开发的资源类型和石器技术。 人们认为，正是在这一时期，对高度变化的环境区的逐步适应促成了早期狩猎采集群体之间不同的迁移战略，并启动了重要的地方和区域进程。 这些过程在秘鲁的陶瓷时代后期一直持续并得到加强，据信这些过程产生了早期的社会和组织特征，如植物和动物的驯化、定居生活、人口聚集和领土主义，这被认为奠定了后来安第斯文明出现的最初基础。正在进行的挖掘的新考古数据揭示了更清晰的地质和北部沙漠海岸鲜为人知的早期前陶瓷复合体之间的空间关系。此外，我们第一次有机会研究不同早期陶瓷遗址的植物开发和过去的环境数据。 拟议的研究将对在巴坦克夫拉达几个地点的调查和挖掘期间收集的植物、动物和放射性碳样品进行几次专门分析。 对这些材料的专门分析将提供一个重要的学习机会：1）这些早期陶瓷复合体在运动、定居、饮食和技术方面的组织变化，2）这些特征如何与不同的地方和区域过程相关，（3）他们是如何建立社会关系的，最后一个冰河时代之后，经济基础的后续变化。因为从一般的狩猎和采集模式的变化，在晚更新世-早全新世时期，广谱经济出现在世界其他地区（例如，黎凡特，沿海加州，大盆地），这项研究不仅将提供更多的了解南美洲西部的早期居民，但也将提供一个重要的比较案例，评估的相似性和差异性的文化和环境背景下，当地和区域的过程发生在世界各地。 这些调查的结果将通过在专业期刊上发表和在专业会议上发表的方式传达给更广泛的科学界。 最后，本研究是研究生论文的重点，并将提供完整的训练和经验。

Under the supervision of Dr. Tom D. Dillehay, Greg Maggard, A Ph.D. candidate at the University of Kentucky, will conduct analyses of archaeological materials recovered from the excavation of several Early Preceramic period sites located in the Quebrada del Batan on the north desert coast of Peru. The Early Preceramic period, which lasted from 11,200 - 9,000 years ago, represents the initial human colonization in this region of western South America. The early hunter-gatherer populations that are represented by the sites in the Quebrada del Batan include several technological complexes (e.g., Fishtail, Paijan, and unifacial). These complexes suggest diverse adaptations to different environmental zones and distinct lifeways.The distinct cultural adaptations of the Early Preceramic period include different patterns of site location, types of resources exploited, and stone tool technologies. It is during this period that gradual adaptation to highly varied environmental zones are believed to have fostered diverging strategies of movement between early hunter-gatherer groups and to have set in motion important local and regional processes. These processes, which continued and intensified throughout later Preceramic periods in Peru, are believed to have given rise to early social and organizational features such as the domestication of plants and animals, sedentary life, population aggregation, and territorialism, which are suggested to have laid the initial foundations for the appearance of later Andean civilizations.New archaeological data from ongoing excavations is revealing clearer geological and spatial relationships between the poorly understood Early Preceramic complexes of the north desert coast. Additionally, for the first time we have the opportunity to examine plant exploitation and past environmental data from different Early Preceramic sites. The proposed study will conduct several specialized analyses of floral, faunal, and radiocarbon samples collected during the survey and excavation of several sites in the Quebrada del Batan. Specialized analysis of these materials will provide an important opportunity to study: 1) organizational changes in the movement, settlement, diet, and technology of these Early Preceramic complexes, 2) how these features relate to differing local and regional processes, and 3) how they laid the socio-economic foundations for subsequent changes after the last Ice Age.Because the change from a general hunting and gathering pattern toward a more intensive, broad-spectrum economy occurred in other parts of the world during the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene period (e.g., Levant, coastal California, Great Basin), this study will not only provide increased understanding of the early inhabitants of western South America, but will also provide an important comparative case for evaluating the similarities and dissimilarities in the cultural and environmental contexts in which local and regional processes occurred around the world. Results from these investigations will be conveyed to the broader scientific community through publication in refereed journals and presentations at professional conferences. Lastly, this research is the principle focus of the graduate student's dissertation and will provide integral training andexperience.