Adapting to a Duplicated Genome

适应重复的基因组

• 批准号: 1021718
• 负责人: Andrew Paterson
• 金额: $ 73.53万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1021718&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Adapting; Duplicated; Genome

Intellectual Merit.Higher organisms occasionally form aberrant individuals with their entire genetic blueprint doubled relative to that of their parents. While the vast majority of these individuals quickly go extinct, in exceedingly rare cases such "genome duplications" give rise to new lineages that appear to realize numerous advantages resulting from having "spare" copies of each gene. Across hundreds of millions of years of evolution, these rare "success stories" collectively are one of the most important mechanisms by which new genes and new functions evolve. Flowering plants (angiosperms) are more tolerant of genome duplication than most taxa - virtually all have experienced genome duplication at least once and sometimes 3-4 times in the past 150-200 million years, and many neo-polyploids formed in the past 1-2 million years are known including many major crops. With the sequences of a growing number of angiosperm genomes now available, the investigators have identified a population of genes that are distinctive in having (a) higher-than average rates of loss for one but not both member(s) of duplicate pairs, (b) convergent fates across multiple independent duplication events within and/or among lineages, and (c) a higher-than-random degree of correlated gene expression. Herein, the investigators will begin empirical tests of fitness effects associated with both the general population of these "duplication-resistant" genes and specific members, seeking genetic probes into pathways and functions contributing to adaptation of a genome to the duplicated state. Broader Impacts. The experimental facility of Arabidopsis will expedite analysis of some of the most important evolutionary forces shaping eukaryotic genomes, and in particular underlying the biodiversity that enables angiosperms to provide many ecosystem services including most of the worlds food, feed, and fiber. Better understanding of adaptation by a lineage to genome duplication is not only of fundamental interest but may also have practical applications, either directly by improving productivity of polyploid crops, or indirectly by mitigating obstacles to wider use of naturally-occurring germplasm resources in crop improvement. This research is closely tied to the education of students and the public, providing training opportunities at both pre- and postgraduate levels, and contributing to development and implementation of research-based educational materials to improve achievement, comprehension and mastery of scientific concepts by middle and high school students, also building the nucleus for a "teachers teach teachers" program.This project is co-funded by the Arabidopsis 2010 Project.

智力优点。更高的生物有时会形成异常的个体，其整个遗传蓝图相对于父母的遗传蓝图增加了一倍。 尽管这些人中的绝大多数迅速灭绝，但在极少数情况下，这种“基因组重复”引起了新的谱系，这些谱系似乎实现了每个基因的“备用”副本所带来的许多优势。 在数亿年的进化中，这些罕见的“成功案例”共同是新基因和新功能发展的最重要机制之一。 与大多数类群相比，开花植物（血管）对基因组重复的耐受性更高 - 在过去的150-2亿年中，几乎所有的基因组重复至少一次，有时3-4次，并且在过去的1-200万年中形成的许多新多倍体都知道包括许多主要农作物。 随着现在可用的血管生成基因组越来越多的序列，研究者已经确定了一群具有（a）具有重复对的一个但不是（s）成员（s）的平均损失率（a），（b）在谱系内和/或（c）中较高的较高的基因的较高的较高的福音范围中，较高的损失率（a）。在此，研究人员将开始与这些“抗重复”基因的一般人群和特定成员的一般人群相关的适应性效应的经验检验，从而寻求遗传探针进入途径和功能，从而有助于将基因组适应重复状态。更广泛的影响。拟南芥的实验设施将加快对塑造真核基因组的一些最重要的进化力的分析，尤其是生物多样性的基础，使被子植物可以提供许多生态系统服务，包括大多数世界食品，饲料，饲料和纤维。通过对基因组复制的血统对适应的理解不仅是基本兴趣，而且还可以直接采用实际应用，直接通过提高多倍体作物的生产力，或通过减轻自然疾病的障碍在作物改善中的自然种植资源来扩大障碍。这项研究与学生和公众的教育密切相关，在研究生和研究生水平上提供培训机会，并为基于研究的教育材料的开发和实施做出贡献，以提高中学和高中生对科学概念的成就，理解和掌握，并为“教师教师教师”构建Nucleus。