Adapting to a Duplicated Genome

适应重复的基因组

• 批准号: 1021718
• 负责人: Andrew Paterson
• 金额: $ 73.53万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1021718&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Adapting; Duplicated; Genome

Intellectual Merit.Higher organisms occasionally form aberrant individuals with their entire genetic blueprint doubled relative to that of their parents. While the vast majority of these individuals quickly go extinct, in exceedingly rare cases such "genome duplications" give rise to new lineages that appear to realize numerous advantages resulting from having "spare" copies of each gene. Across hundreds of millions of years of evolution, these rare "success stories" collectively are one of the most important mechanisms by which new genes and new functions evolve. Flowering plants (angiosperms) are more tolerant of genome duplication than most taxa - virtually all have experienced genome duplication at least once and sometimes 3-4 times in the past 150-200 million years, and many neo-polyploids formed in the past 1-2 million years are known including many major crops. With the sequences of a growing number of angiosperm genomes now available, the investigators have identified a population of genes that are distinctive in having (a) higher-than average rates of loss for one but not both member(s) of duplicate pairs, (b) convergent fates across multiple independent duplication events within and/or among lineages, and (c) a higher-than-random degree of correlated gene expression. Herein, the investigators will begin empirical tests of fitness effects associated with both the general population of these "duplication-resistant" genes and specific members, seeking genetic probes into pathways and functions contributing to adaptation of a genome to the duplicated state. Broader Impacts. The experimental facility of Arabidopsis will expedite analysis of some of the most important evolutionary forces shaping eukaryotic genomes, and in particular underlying the biodiversity that enables angiosperms to provide many ecosystem services including most of the worlds food, feed, and fiber. Better understanding of adaptation by a lineage to genome duplication is not only of fundamental interest but may also have practical applications, either directly by improving productivity of polyploid crops, or indirectly by mitigating obstacles to wider use of naturally-occurring germplasm resources in crop improvement. This research is closely tied to the education of students and the public, providing training opportunities at both pre- and postgraduate levels, and contributing to development and implementation of research-based educational materials to improve achievement, comprehension and mastery of scientific concepts by middle and high school students, also building the nucleus for a "teachers teach teachers" program.This project is co-funded by the Arabidopsis 2010 Project.

智力优点：高等生物偶尔会形成异常个体，其整个遗传蓝图相对于其父母加倍。 虽然这些个体中的绝大多数很快就灭绝了，但在极少数情况下，这种“基因组复制”会产生新的谱系，这些谱系似乎意识到每个基因的“备用”拷贝带来的许多优势。 在数亿年的进化过程中，这些罕见的“成功故事”是新基因和新功能进化的最重要机制之一。 有花植物（被子植物）比大多数分类群更能耐受基因组复制-在过去的1.5 - 2亿年中，几乎所有的植物都经历过至少一次基因组复制，有时3-4次，并且已知在过去的1-2百万年中形成的许多新多倍体，包括许多主要作物。 随着越来越多的被子植物基因组序列的可用性，研究人员已经确定了一个基因群体，其独特之处在于：（a）重复对中一个而不是两个成员的丢失率高于平均值，（B）在谱系内和/或谱系之间的多个独立重复事件中的趋同命运，以及（c）相关基因表达的随机程度高于随机程度。在此，研究人员将开始与这些“抗复制”基因的一般群体和特定成员相关的适应性效应的经验测试，寻找有助于基因组适应复制状态的途径和功能的遗传探针。更广泛的影响。拟南芥的实验设施将加快对一些塑造真核生物基因组的最重要的进化力量的分析，特别是使被子植物能够提供许多生态系统服务的生物多样性，包括世界上大多数的食物，饲料和纤维。更好地理解谱系对基因组复制的适应不仅具有根本意义，而且还可能具有实际应用，直接通过提高多倍体作物的生产力，或间接通过减轻在作物改良中更广泛使用天然存在的种质资源的障碍。这项研究与学生和公众的教育密切相关，提供预科和研究生两级的培训机会，并有助于制定和实施基于研究的教育材料，以提高初中和高中学生对科学概念的理解和掌握，同时也是“教师教教师”项目的核心。该项目由拟南芥2010项目共同资助。