Materials World Network: Understanding the Design and Characterization of Air-Stable N-Type Charge Transfer Dopants for Organic Electronics

材料世界网络：了解有机电子器件空气稳定 N 型电荷转移掺杂剂的设计和表征

• 批准号: 1209468
• 负责人: Zhenan Bao
• 金额: $ 43.5万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1209468&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Materials; World; Network; Understanding; Design

TECHNICAL SUMMARYCharge transfer doping is crucial in enabling highly efficient organic light emitting diodes and organic solar cells, and is needed for controlling the electrical characteristics of organic field effect transistors. Whereas the development of p-type dopants is well advanced, there is still a lack of effective air-stable solution processabile n-type dopants, due to limited knowledge on the detailed doping mechanisms. To address this gap, this Materials World Network project, supported by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program and the Office of Special Programs, Division of Materials Research, aims at a) understanding the design rules for air-stable n-dopants based on a promising class of dopants with (1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)phenyl (DMBI) as the model system and b) understanding the detailed doping mechanisms of n-type doping. The three groups involved in the project have a unique combination of complementary expertise. The Bao group will synthesize DMBI dopants with systematically varied energy levels and substituents for better miscibility with the matrix to aid the understanding of doping mechanisms. The chemical process of doping will be investigated with UV-vis-NIR and electron paramagnetic resonance. The morphology of doped layers will be studied by atomic force microscopy, various X-ray techniques and nanoSIMS. The Leo group in Germany will study the physical mechanisms of doping by impedance spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, the Seebeck measurement, and modeling of the charge transport characteristic by a master equation model. The air-stability will be tested and the dopants will be used in state-of-the art organic devices such as light emitting diodes, solar cells, or transistors. Finally, the Cuniberti group in Germany will study the doping effect on a single molecular level by high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and will model the doping process by ab initio calculations based on density functional theory. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY: Charge transfer doping is crucial in enabling highly efficient displays, solid-state lighting, organic solar cells, and is needed for controlling the electrical characteristics of organic field effect transistors. Whereas the development of p-type dopants is well advanced, there is still a lack of effective air-stable solution processabile n-type dopants, due to limited knowledge on the detailed doping mechanisms. This Materials World Network project will advance the understanding of the chemistry and physics of doping through an international co-operation across the disciplines of chemistry/ chemical engineering, fundamental physics and theory. These findings will lead to better understanding of design rules for stable and efficient n-dopants and more efficient devices. This project will train students and postdocs with a solid fundamental understanding as well as a global experience. This project will help to foster economic growth by furthering the field of organic electronics and the associated industry. This project will train students with exposure to interdisciplinary research and diverse cultures. Bao will work closely with Stanford NSF centers and Office of Science Outreach to reach out to a broad population ranging from K-12, community college, undergraduate, and graduate students, as well as prepare the teachers of tomorrow for new areas of science and technology.

技术概述电荷转移掺杂在实现高效有机发光二极管和有机太阳能电池中是至关重要的，并且是控制有机场效应晶体管的电特性所需要的。尽管p型掺杂剂的开发进展良好，但由于对详细掺杂机制的知识有限，仍然缺乏有效的空气稳定的溶液可加工的n型掺杂剂。为了解决这一差距，由固态和材料化学计划以及材料研究部特别计划办公室支持的材料世界网络项目旨在a）了解基于有前途的掺杂剂类别的空气稳定n型掺杂剂的设计规则，（1，3-二甲基-2，3-二氢-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基）苯基（DMBI）作为模型体系和B）理解n型掺杂的详细掺杂机理。参与该项目的三个小组具有互补的专业知识的独特组合。Bao组将合成具有系统变化的能级和取代基的DMBI掺杂剂，以更好地与基质相容，以帮助理解掺杂机制。用紫外-可见-近红外光谱和电子顺磁共振研究了掺杂的化学过程。掺杂层的形态将通过原子力显微镜、各种X射线技术和nanoSIMS进行研究。德国的Leo小组将通过阻抗谱、紫外光电子能谱、Seebeck测量和通过主方程模型模拟电荷传输特性来研究掺杂的物理机制。空气稳定性将被测试，掺杂剂将用于最先进的有机器件，如发光二极管，太阳能电池或晶体管。最后，德国的Cuniberti小组将通过高分辨率扫描隧道显微镜在单个分子水平上研究掺杂效应，并将通过基于密度泛函理论的从头计算对掺杂过程进行建模。非技术性总结：电荷转移掺杂对于实现高效显示器、固态照明、有机太阳能电池至关重要，并且对于控制有机场效应晶体管的电特性是必需的。尽管p型掺杂剂的开发进展良好，但由于对详细掺杂机制的知识有限，仍然缺乏有效的空气稳定的溶液可加工的n型掺杂剂。 该材料世界网络项目将通过化学/化学工程、基础物理学和理论等学科的国际合作，促进对兴奋剂的化学和物理学的理解。这些发现将导致更好地理解稳定和高效的n型掺杂剂和更高效的设备的设计规则。该项目将培养学生和博士后具有坚实的基本理解以及全球经验。该项目将通过促进有机电子领域及其相关产业的发展来促进经济增长。该项目将培养学生接触跨学科研究和多元文化。鲍将与斯坦福大学NSF中心和科学推广办公室密切合作，接触从K-12，社区学院，本科生和研究生等广泛人群，并为未来的教师准备新的科学和技术领域。