High-dimensional Frequency Gates in Integrated Photonics for Scalable Quantum Interconnects

用于可扩展量子互连的集成光子学中的高维频率门

• 批准号: 2034019
• 负责人: Andrew Weiner
• 金额: $ 40.55万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2034019&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: dimensional; Frequency; Gates; Integrated; Photonics

Within the overall landscape of quantum science and technology, the development of quantum networks is critical for applications such as distributed quantum computing, connected quantum sensors, and blind quantum computing. While there has been progress in facilitating entanglement and communication between end nodes using satellite-based free space links, for dense and short reach networks these modes of communication are unrealistic given the need for line-of-sight access. In contrast, optical fiber offers tremendous bandwidth and low loss over lengths up to about 100 km, making it the logical choice for local area and metropolitan area quantum networks. However, much of the previous work in quantum networking has utilized photonic degrees of freedom, like polarization, which cannot be easily preserved in standard single-mode fiber. On the other hand, frequency encoding provides natural stability in optical fiber, straightforward measurement with high-efficiency filters and detectors, and compatibility with wavelength-division multiplexing. We propose to harness quantum interference in the spectral domain to implement high-dimensional mode transformations that support increased information per photon for direct quantum communication protocols. To realize the functionality required for these schemes, we will leverage recent advances in silicon photonics and organic electro-optic materials to develop a quantum frequency processor in an integrated photonic platform. A key outcome of the proposed work will be a demonstration of entanglement swapping with spectrally distinguishable photons – a milestone important for moving to a networking paradigm based on spectrally multiplexed and/or frequency-encoded quantum information. In addition, a team of undergraduates will be integrated into this research through long term projects under an experiential learning initiative supported by the College of Engineering. The team will progress from developing lab automation skills and repeating foundational quantum optics experiments to photonic device design and system-level testing toward the end of the project. TechnicalThis project will tackle three critical challenges in the field of quantum interconnects – (i) high-dimensional encoding for information transport more robust to loss, (ii) high-speed, low-loss, and broadband optical switches for nanosecond scale scheduling and routing, and (iii) photon-photon interconnects for entangling heterogeneous nodes/sources. To do so, we will develop a silicon photonics-based quantum frequency processor (QFP) that can implement high-dimensional mode transformations and logic gates. We will overcome the lack of a second order nonlinearity in silicon/silicon nitride by building on progress in organic electro-optic materials, which have been harnessed to realize low-power and high bandwidth modulators. Process advances at silicon photonics foundries will be leveraged to realize pulse shapers with narrow spectral channels, thereby making it possible to then drive a QFP with many RF harmonics over a limited analog bandwidth. This, in turn, will facilitate implementation of high-dimensional quantum frequency gates (d 6). On a parallel track, we will carry out proof-of-concept experiments to validate the generalization of the QFP protocol to higher dimensions. Both tracks will converge toward the realization of a two-state Bell state analyzer for frequency qubits, which will be used in a heralded entanglement generation protocol where photons participating in the joint measurement are spectrally distinguishable. This protocol is generalizable to higher dimensions and may facilitate entanglement swapping of qudits. At the network level, this has the potential to relax constraints on spectral indistinguishability and will be useful in situations where qubits from quantum memories are intentionally shifted (via quantum frequency conversion) to different spectral bins in the telecom band for spectrally multiplexed fiber transmission or when trying to generate entanglement between different types of matter-based qubits or between qubits in different local environments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在量子科学技术的整体格局中，量子网络的发展对于分布式量子计算、互联量子传感器和盲量子计算等应用至关重要。虽然使用基于卫星的自由空间链路在促进终端节点之间的纠缠和通信方面取得了进展，但对于密集且短距离的网络来说，考虑到视距访问的需要，这些通信模式是不现实的。相比之下，光纤在长达约 100 公里的长度上提供巨大的带宽和低损耗，使其成为局域网和城域量子网络的合理选择。然而，量子网络方面的许多先前工作都利用了光子自由度，例如偏振，这不能轻易地保留在标准单模光纤中。另一方面，频率编码提供了光纤的自然稳定性、使用高效滤波器和检测器的直接测量以及与波分复用的兼容性。我们建议利用谱域中的量子干涉来实现高维模式转换，从而支持增加每个光子的信息以用于直接量子通信协议。 为了实现这些方案所需的功能，我们将利用硅光子学和有机电光材料的最新进展，在集成光子平台中开发量子频率处理器。拟议工作的一个关键成果将是演示与光谱可区分光子的纠缠交换——这对于转向基于光谱复用和/或频率编码量子信息的网络范式来说是一个重要的里程碑。此外，在工程学院支持的体验式学习计划下，一个本科生团队将通过长期项目融入这项研究。该团队将在项目结束时从开发实验室自动化技能和重复基础量子光学实验到光子器件设计和系统级测试。技术该项目将解决量子互连领域的三个关键挑战——（i）用于信息传输的高维编码，对丢失更加鲁棒，（ii）用于纳秒级调度和路由的高速、低损耗和宽带光开关，以及（iii）用于纠缠异构节点/源的光子-光子互连。为此，我们将开发一种基于硅光子的量子频率处理器（QFP），它可以实现高维模式转换和逻辑门。我们将通过有机电光材料的进步来克服硅/氮化硅缺乏二阶非线性的问题，有机电光材料已被用来实现低功率和高带宽调制器。硅光子代工厂的工艺进步将被用来实现具有窄光谱通道的脉冲整形器，从而可以在有限的模拟带宽上驱动具有许多射频谐波的 QFP。这反过来又将促进高维量子频率门（d 6）的实现。在并行的轨道上，我们将进行概念验证实验，以验证 QFP 协议对更高维度的泛化。这两条路线将汇聚到实现频率量子位的双态贝尔态分析仪，该分析仪将用于预示的纠缠生成协议，其中参与联合测量的光子在光谱上是可区分的。该协议可推广到更高维度，并且可以促进量子的纠缠交换。在网络层面，这有可能放宽对光谱不可区分性的限制，并且在以下情况下很有用：量子存储器中的量子位被有意转移（通过量子频率转换）到电信频段中的不同光谱箱以进行光谱复用光纤传输，或者当试图在不同类型的基于物质的量子位之间或不同本地环境中的量子位之间产生纠缠时。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并具有 通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Biphoton spectral quantum interference for information processing and delay metrology

• DOI: 10.1117/12.2656881
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 作者: Suparna Seshadri;Hsuan-Hao Lu;J. Lukens;A. Weiner

Time-Resolved Hanbury Brown–Twiss Interferometry of On-Chip Biphoton Frequency Combs Using Vernier Phase Modulation

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.19.034019
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Physical Review Applied
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Karthik V. Myilswamy;Suparna Seshadri;Hsuan-Hao Lu;Mohammed S. Alshaykh;Junqiu Liu;T. Kippenberg;A. Weiner;J. Lukens

Bell state analyzer for spectrally distinct photons

用于光谱不同光子的贝尔态分析仪

• DOI: 10.1364/optica.443302
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Optica
• 影响因子: 10.4
• 作者: Lingaraju, Navin B.;Lu, Hsuan-Hao;Leaird, Daniel E.;Estrella, Steven;Lukens, Joseph M.;Weiner, Andrew M.
• 通讯作者: Weiner, Andrew M.

Time-resolved second-order coherence of an integrated biphoton frequency comb

集成双光子频率梳的时间分辨二阶相干性

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Conference on Lasers and Electrooptics
• 作者: Karthik V. Myilswamy;Suparna Seshadri;Junqiu Liu;Tobias J. Kippenberg;Andrew M. Weiner;Joseph M. Lukens
• 通讯作者: Joseph M. Lukens

Low-Loss, Narrowband Integrated Si3N4 Pulse Shaper for Quantum Photonic Applications

适用于量子光子应用的低损耗、窄带集成 Si3N4 脉冲整形器

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Conference on Lasers and Electrooptics
• 作者: Lucas M. Cohen;Karthik V. Myilswamy;Navin B. Lingaraju;Andrew M. Weiner
• 通讯作者: Andrew M. Weiner