High-dimensional Frequency Gates in Integrated Photonics for Scalable Quantum Interconnects

用于可扩展量子互连的集成光子学中的高维频率门

• 批准号: 2034019
• 负责人: Andrew Weiner
• 金额: $ 40.55万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2034019&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: dimensional; Frequency; Gates; Integrated; Photonics

Within the overall landscape of quantum science and technology, the development of quantum networks is critical for applications such as distributed quantum computing, connected quantum sensors, and blind quantum computing. While there has been progress in facilitating entanglement and communication between end nodes using satellite-based free space links, for dense and short reach networks these modes of communication are unrealistic given the need for line-of-sight access. In contrast, optical fiber offers tremendous bandwidth and low loss over lengths up to about 100 km, making it the logical choice for local area and metropolitan area quantum networks. However, much of the previous work in quantum networking has utilized photonic degrees of freedom, like polarization, which cannot be easily preserved in standard single-mode fiber. On the other hand, frequency encoding provides natural stability in optical fiber, straightforward measurement with high-efficiency filters and detectors, and compatibility with wavelength-division multiplexing. We propose to harness quantum interference in the spectral domain to implement high-dimensional mode transformations that support increased information per photon for direct quantum communication protocols. To realize the functionality required for these schemes, we will leverage recent advances in silicon photonics and organic electro-optic materials to develop a quantum frequency processor in an integrated photonic platform. A key outcome of the proposed work will be a demonstration of entanglement swapping with spectrally distinguishable photons – a milestone important for moving to a networking paradigm based on spectrally multiplexed and/or frequency-encoded quantum information. In addition, a team of undergraduates will be integrated into this research through long term projects under an experiential learning initiative supported by the College of Engineering. The team will progress from developing lab automation skills and repeating foundational quantum optics experiments to photonic device design and system-level testing toward the end of the project. TechnicalThis project will tackle three critical challenges in the field of quantum interconnects – (i) high-dimensional encoding for information transport more robust to loss, (ii) high-speed, low-loss, and broadband optical switches for nanosecond scale scheduling and routing, and (iii) photon-photon interconnects for entangling heterogeneous nodes/sources. To do so, we will develop a silicon photonics-based quantum frequency processor (QFP) that can implement high-dimensional mode transformations and logic gates. We will overcome the lack of a second order nonlinearity in silicon/silicon nitride by building on progress in organic electro-optic materials, which have been harnessed to realize low-power and high bandwidth modulators. Process advances at silicon photonics foundries will be leveraged to realize pulse shapers with narrow spectral channels, thereby making it possible to then drive a QFP with many RF harmonics over a limited analog bandwidth. This, in turn, will facilitate implementation of high-dimensional quantum frequency gates (d 6). On a parallel track, we will carry out proof-of-concept experiments to validate the generalization of the QFP protocol to higher dimensions. Both tracks will converge toward the realization of a two-state Bell state analyzer for frequency qubits, which will be used in a heralded entanglement generation protocol where photons participating in the joint measurement are spectrally distinguishable. This protocol is generalizable to higher dimensions and may facilitate entanglement swapping of qudits. At the network level, this has the potential to relax constraints on spectral indistinguishability and will be useful in situations where qubits from quantum memories are intentionally shifted (via quantum frequency conversion) to different spectral bins in the telecom band for spectrally multiplexed fiber transmission or when trying to generate entanglement between different types of matter-based qubits or between qubits in different local environments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在量子科学与技术的整体格局中，量子网络的发展对于分布式量子计算、连接量子传感器和盲量子计算等应用至关重要。虽然在利用基于卫星的自由空间链路促进终端节点之间的纠缠和通信方面取得了进展，但由于需要视距访问，对于密集和短距离网络来说，这些通信模式是不现实的。相比之下，光纤在长达约100公里的长度上提供巨大的带宽和低损耗，使其成为局域网和城域网量子网络的合理选择。然而，以前在量子网络方面的许多工作都利用了光子自由度，比如偏振，这在标准单模光纤中是不容易保持的。另一方面，频率编码在光纤中提供了天然的稳定性，使用高效滤波器和检测器进行直接测量，并且与波分复用兼容。我们建议利用谱域中的量子干涉来实现高维模式转换，以支持直接量子通信协议中增加的每光子信息。为了实现这些方案所需的功能，我们将利用硅光子学和有机电光材料的最新进展，在集成光子平台上开发量子频率处理器。提出的工作的一个关键成果将是与光谱可区分光子的纠缠交换的演示-这是一个里程碑，对于移动到基于频谱复用和/或频率编码量子信息的网络范式至关重要。此外，一组本科生将通过由工程学院支持的体验式学习计划的长期项目参与这项研究。该团队将从开发实验室自动化技能和重复基础量子光学实验到光子器件设计和系统级测试，直至项目结束。该项目将解决量子互连领域的三个关键挑战——(i)用于信息传输的高维编码，对损耗的鲁棒性更强；（ii）用于纳秒级调度和路由的高速、低损耗和宽带光交换机；（iii）用于纠缠异构节点/源的光子-光子互连。为此，我们将开发一种基于硅光子学的量子频率处理器（QFP），可以实现高维模式转换和逻辑门。我们将通过有机电光材料的进展来克服硅/氮化硅中二阶非线性的缺乏，这些材料已被用于实现低功率和高带宽调制器。硅光子学代工厂的工艺进步将用于实现具有窄频谱通道的脉冲整形器，从而使得在有限的模拟带宽上驱动具有许多RF谐波的QFP成为可能。反过来，这将促进高维量子频率门的实现（d 6）。在平行轨道上，我们将进行概念验证实验，以验证QFP协议在更高维度上的泛化。这两条轨道都将收敛于实现频率量子比特的双态贝尔状态分析仪，这将用于预示的纠缠生成协议，其中参与联合测量的光子在光谱上是可区分的。该协议可推广到更高的维度，并可促进量子的纠缠交换。在网络层面，这有可能放松对频谱不可区分性的限制，并且在有意将量子存储器中的量子比特（通过量子频率转换）转移到电信频带中的不同频谱盒以进行频谱复用光纤传输或试图在不同类型的基于物质的量子比特之间或不同本地环境中的量子比特之间产生纠缠的情况下，这将是有用的。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Biphoton spectral quantum interference for information processing and delay metrology

• DOI: 10.1117/12.2656881
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 作者: Suparna Seshadri;Hsuan-Hao Lu;J. Lukens;A. Weiner

Time-Resolved Hanbury Brown–Twiss Interferometry of On-Chip Biphoton Frequency Combs Using Vernier Phase Modulation

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.19.034019
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Physical Review Applied
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Karthik V. Myilswamy;Suparna Seshadri;Hsuan-Hao Lu;Mohammed S. Alshaykh;Junqiu Liu;T. Kippenberg;A. Weiner;J. Lukens

Bell state analyzer for spectrally distinct photons

用于光谱不同光子的贝尔态分析仪

• DOI: 10.1364/optica.443302
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Optica
• 影响因子: 10.4
• 作者: Lingaraju, Navin B.;Lu, Hsuan-Hao;Leaird, Daniel E.;Estrella, Steven;Lukens, Joseph M.;Weiner, Andrew M.
• 通讯作者: Weiner, Andrew M.

Time-resolved second-order coherence of an integrated biphoton frequency comb

集成双光子频率梳的时间分辨二阶相干性

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Conference on Lasers and Electrooptics
• 作者: Karthik V. Myilswamy;Suparna Seshadri;Junqiu Liu;Tobias J. Kippenberg;Andrew M. Weiner;Joseph M. Lukens
• 通讯作者: Joseph M. Lukens

Low-Loss, Narrowband Integrated Si3N4 Pulse Shaper for Quantum Photonic Applications

适用于量子光子应用的低损耗、窄带集成 Si3N4 脉冲整形器

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Conference on Lasers and Electrooptics
• 作者: Lucas M. Cohen;Karthik V. Myilswamy;Navin B. Lingaraju;Andrew M. Weiner
• 通讯作者: Andrew M. Weiner