Three Travelogues of Women from the Late Qajar Period: historical context - narrative strategies - female authorship

这里介绍的项目旨在首次分析伊朗妇女在盖扎尔时期(1796-1925年)写的三个旅行记述，她们在1880年至1900年间前往麦加并进行朝圣：1.Mehrmah Hanum Esmat as-Saltaneh[“Safarnameh-ye Mekkeh”(1882)]，2.Haggiye Hanum Alaviyyeh Kermani[“Ruznameh-ye Safar-e Hagg”(1892/93)]，3.Sakineh Sultan Vaqad-Douleh[“Ruznameh-ye Safar-e atabat Mekkeh”(1899/1900)]。Mehrmah Hanum Esmat as-Saltaneh是一个表亲，Sakineh Sultan Vaqar ad-Douleh是盖贾尔统治者Naser ad-Din Sah(reg.1848年至1896年)，而第三作者属于当地的克尔曼精英。这些女性朝圣者通过不同的路线到达她们共同的目的地麦加，但她们都觉得有必要写下她们的经历，并通过这种方式将她们的知识传递给未来的旅行者(很可能是女性)。他们的意图是说服读者相信他们自己的观察结果和他们声称存在的问题的真实性，以便获得对他们经历的--至少是潜在的--主体间性的认可和同意。文本中运用的叙事策略的多样性，旨在将他们的经历可视化，指出了困难之处，即试图将旅行、经历和记忆的总和以及在旅行中所做的笔记结合在一起，形成一个连贯的文本。除了对这些文本的历史批判分析外，本研究的重点还包括三个方面：(1)这些文本的语境化；(2)关于女性在其他未知情况下的经历以及关于她们自己的感知和情感的问题的应用叙事策略的识别和分析；(3)有关该时期女性作者身份的问题。

The here presented project aims at analyzing for the first time three travel accounts written by Iranian women in the Qajar periode (1796-1925) who travelled to Mecca and performed their Hajj between 1880 and 1900: 1. Mehrmah Hanum Esmat as-Saltaneh ["Safarnameh-ye Mekkeh" (1882)], 2. Haggiye Hanum Alaviyyeh Kermani ["Ruznameh-ye safar-e hagg" (1892/93)], 3. Sakineh Sultan Vaqar ad-Douleh ["Ruznameh-ye safar-e atabat va Mekkeh" (1899/1900)] They all belonged to the Qajar upper classes. Mehrmah Hanum Esmat as-Saltaneh was a cousin, and Sakineh Sultan Vaqar ad-Douleh one of the wives of the Qajar ruler Naser ad-Din Sah (reg. 1848-96), whereas the third author belonged to the local elite of Kerman. These female pilgrims reached their common destination Mecca through different routes, but they all felt the need to write about their experiences and by this means to transfer their knowledge to future (most probably female) travelers. It was their intention to convince their readership of the trueness of their own observations and the issues which they claimed to exist, in order to get approval and consent about the - at least potential - intersubjectivity of their experiences. The diversity of the applied narrative strategies in the texts aiming at the visualization of their experiences, points at the difficulty, that is linked to the attempt to bring the sum of travel, experience and remembrance as well as the notes taken while on travel together into a coherent text. Besides a historical-critical analysis of these texts, three main aspects will be in the focus of this study: (1) the contextualization of these texts, (2) the identification and analysis of the applied narrative strategies regarding questions about the women's experiences with the other and unknown situations as well as about their own perceptions and emotions and finally (3) the aspect of female authorship at the period in question.