Physiologically active substances regulating ovarian function

1)极体形成抑制蛋白：从孕妇尿液制剂中纯化出一种抑制极体形成的蛋白。氨基酸末端序列分析表明，该蛋白的第5 ~ 15个残基与人非分泌性核糖核酸酶的第1 ~ 11个残基相同。此外，该蛋白的残基1至4与残基-4至-1相同，对应于嗜酸性粒细胞衍生的神经毒素的单肽区域的一部分，其成熟序列与非分泌性核糖核酸酶相同。2)糖胺聚糖促进卵母细胞的活力：位于闭锁卵泡内的卵母细胞会发生分节变性，形成几个到多个“卵裂球”，其中不含核片段到多个核片段。在体外培养的变性卵母细胞中也观察到类似的分割。观察到无积云的卵母细胞更容易发生分裂，这表明积云细胞可能产生一种成分，这种成分会延迟细胞的退化过程。从牛卵泡液（bFF）中分离的糖胺聚糖（GAGs）加入到悬浮培养基中，并以剂量依赖的方式阻止离体无积云小鼠卵母细胞的自发分割。为了鉴定活性因子，从bFF中纯化了特异性GAG。截留时间与透明质酸截留时间接近的组分防止了分割的发生。4)卵巢血管生成和卵母细胞/卵泡成熟：在卵巢中，血管在单个卵泡中的分布有显著差异。表皮生长因子（Epidermal growth factor， EGF）可诱导体内毛细血管增生，在颗粒细胞、鞘细胞和间质细胞中均有发现，提示EGF参与卵巢新生血管的形成。然而，在卵泡的特定区域，特别是鞘层，可以观察到卵巢中的血管生成。由此推测卵巢成分可调节卵巢EGF的活性。我们观察到，从小鼠卵巢中分离的GAGs通过与EGF相互作用或络合而有效地增强了EGF的活性。少

1) Polar body formation inhibitory protein : A protein, which inhibits polar body formation, was purified from a urine preparation from pregnant women. Amino terminal sequence analysis showed that residues 5 to 15 of this protein were identical to the residues 1 to 11 of human nonsecretory ribonuclease. Furthermore, residues 1 to 4 of this protein were identical to residues -4 to -1, corresponding to part of a single peptide region of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, whose mature sequence is identical to nonsecretory ribonuclease.2) Glycosaminoglycans promoting viability of oocytes : OOcytes situated within the atretic follicles will undergo degeneration by segmentation, forming several to many "blastomeres" containing none to multiple nuclear fragments. A similar type of segmentation was observed in degenerating oocytes cultured in vitro. The observation that segmentation occurred more often with cumulus-free oocytes suggests that cumulus cells may produce a component(s) that would dela … More y the degenerative process. Glycosaminoglycans(GAGs) isolated from bovine follicular fluid(bFF) and added to the suspending medium prevented the occurrence of spontaneous segmentation in isolated cumulus-free mouse oocytes in a dose-dependent manner. To identify the active factor, specific GAG was purified from bFF.The fraction with a retention time nearly coincident with that of hyaluronic acid prevented the occurrence of segmentation.4) Ovarian angiogenesis and maturation of oocytes/follicles : In the ovary, there is a striking difference in the distribution of blood vessels to individual follicles. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), which induces capillary proliferation in vivo, was identified in granulosa, thecal and interstitial cells, suggesting that EGF is involved in neovascularization of the ovary. However, angiogenesis in the ovary is observed in specific regions of the follicles, especially the thecal layr. Thus it is surmized that ovarian components modulate the activity of ovarian EGF.We observed that GAGs isolated from mouse ovaries were potent enhancers of the activity of EGF by interacting or complexing with it. Less