Physiologically active substances regulating ovarian function

1)极体形成抑制蛋白：从孕妇尿液中提纯出一种抑制极体形成的蛋白。氨基酸末端序列分析表明，该蛋白的5~15个残基与人非分泌型核糖核酸酶的1~11个残基完全相同。此外，该蛋白的残基1到4与残基-4到-1相同，对应于嗜酸性粒细胞来源的神经毒素的一个单肽区域的一部分，其成熟序列与非分泌型核糖核酸酶相同。2)促进卵母细胞活力的糖胺多聚糖：位于闭锁卵泡内的卵母细胞将通过分割而退化，形成几个到许多包含无到多个核碎片的“卵裂球”。在体外培养的退化卵母细胞中也观察到了类似类型的分裂。没有卵丘的卵母细胞更经常发生分裂的观察表明，卵丘细胞可能会产生一种成分(S)，它可以破坏…更多的是退化过程。从牛卵泡液中分离得到的糖胺多聚糖(GAG)以剂量依赖的方式抑制去卵丘小鼠卵母细胞的自发分裂。为了鉴定活性因子，从bFF中提纯了特异性的GAG，其保留时间与透明质酸的保留时间几乎一致的部分阻止了分裂的发生。4)卵巢血管生成和卵母细胞/卵泡的成熟：在卵巢中，单个卵泡的血管分布存在显著差异。在体内可诱导毛细血管增殖的表皮生长因子(EGF)存在于卵巢颗粒细胞、膜细胞和间质细胞中，提示EGF参与了卵巢新生血管的形成。然而，卵巢中的血管生成是在卵泡的特定区域观察到的，尤其是在膜层。我们观察到，从小鼠卵巢分离的GAG通过与EGF相互作用或与之络合，可以有效地增强EGF的活性。较少

1) Polar body formation inhibitory protein : A protein, which inhibits polar body formation, was purified from a urine preparation from pregnant women. Amino terminal sequence analysis showed that residues 5 to 15 of this protein were identical to the residues 1 to 11 of human nonsecretory ribonuclease. Furthermore, residues 1 to 4 of this protein were identical to residues -4 to -1, corresponding to part of a single peptide region of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, whose mature sequence is identical to nonsecretory ribonuclease.2) Glycosaminoglycans promoting viability of oocytes : OOcytes situated within the atretic follicles will undergo degeneration by segmentation, forming several to many "blastomeres" containing none to multiple nuclear fragments. A similar type of segmentation was observed in degenerating oocytes cultured in vitro. The observation that segmentation occurred more often with cumulus-free oocytes suggests that cumulus cells may produce a component(s) that would dela … More y the degenerative process. Glycosaminoglycans(GAGs) isolated from bovine follicular fluid(bFF) and added to the suspending medium prevented the occurrence of spontaneous segmentation in isolated cumulus-free mouse oocytes in a dose-dependent manner. To identify the active factor, specific GAG was purified from bFF.The fraction with a retention time nearly coincident with that of hyaluronic acid prevented the occurrence of segmentation.4) Ovarian angiogenesis and maturation of oocytes/follicles : In the ovary, there is a striking difference in the distribution of blood vessels to individual follicles. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), which induces capillary proliferation in vivo, was identified in granulosa, thecal and interstitial cells, suggesting that EGF is involved in neovascularization of the ovary. However, angiogenesis in the ovary is observed in specific regions of the follicles, especially the thecal layr. Thus it is surmized that ovarian components modulate the activity of ovarian EGF.We observed that GAGs isolated from mouse ovaries were potent enhancers of the activity of EGF by interacting or complexing with it. Less