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A STUDY ON JAPANESE HOKKAIDO DIALECT OF AINU PEOPLE

阿努族日语北海道方言研究

基本信息

批准号：
05451076
负责人：
ONO Yoneichi
金额：
$ 3.01万
依托单位：
NARUTO UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION (1994-1995)Hokkaido University (1993)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05451076/
关键词：
Ainu language speakers Japanese speakers Japanese Hokkaido Dialect sounds of Japanese sounds of Ainu language interference from mother tongue アイヌ語アイヌ語の干渉

项目摘要

The following are distinctive features of Japanese Hokkaido Dialect of Ainu language speakers.(1) The interferences from their mother tongue Ainu language are observed especially on phonetic. Examples : (1) to lengthen the first sound of a word, (2) resemblance between "o"-vowel and "u"-vowel, (3) difficulty of assimilation of continuing two vowels, (4) similitudes of "sa, si, su, se, so" and "sha, shi, shu, she, sho", (5) no seperation or remarkable mixture between voiceless sounds and voiced sounds, (6) to pronouncing "yo-on" like "choku-on", (7) to make level intonation. On grammar, the interferences are seen in the following cases : (8) usage of particles "ni" "sika" and others. (9) to confuse intransitive verbs and transitive verbs, (10) Expression of the end of a sentence. On vocabulary, there are some borrowing words from Ainu language, but almost not interferences.(2) Those Japanese which Ainu language speakers acquired are rather early Hokkaido Dailect in chiefly Meiji, Taisho and still more Showa, prewar era. After that the language standardization went on so fast in the Showa 30s. The Dialect based on Japanese Tohoku Dilect is unique one which immigrants from all over the Japan brought into Hokkaido and mixed up. It is important that their Japanese reflect Japanese Dialects spoken by their Japanese immigrant neighbors just like Mrs. Orita has features of Awaji Island Dialect in Hyogo Prefecture.(3) In the Japanese Hokkaido Dialect of Ainu language speakers, the common characteristic mentioned above are observed. However, their individual variations are great, too. The differences may arise from some causes, such as social surroundings or the time of learning Japanese, their thinking about Ainu language and culture.

爱奴语使用者的日语北海道方言有以下几个显著特点：(1)受母语爱奴语的干扰，尤其是在语音上。例如：(1)延长单词的第一个音，(2)元音“o”和“u”的相似之处，(3)连续两个元音的同化困难，(4)“sa，si，su，se，so”和“sa，shi，shu，he，sho”的相似，(5)清音和浊音之间不分离或明显混合，(6)发“yo-on”，如“choku-on”，(7)水平语调。在语法方面，干扰主要表现在以下几个方面：(8)助词“你”、“西卡”等的使用。(9)混淆及物动词和及物动词；(10)句尾表达。在词汇方面，有一些外来词来自爱奴语，但几乎没有干扰。(2)说爱奴语的人习得的日语是相当早期的北海道方言，主要是明治、大正和战前的昭和时代。在那之后，语言标准化在昭和30年代进行得如此之快。以日本东北方言为基础的方言是从日本各地的移民带到北海道并混杂在一起的独特方言。重要的是，他们的日语要反映他们的日本移民邻居所说的日本方言，就像Orita夫人具有兵库县Awaji岛方言的特征一样。(3)在说Ainu语言的日语北海道方言中，可以观察到上述共同特征。然而，它们的个体差异也很大。这些差异可能是由于社会环境或学习日语的时间、他们对爱奴语言和文化的看法等原因造成的。