A Study of Problems Reforms concerning school builidings for the Purpose of diversification of secondary education

中等教育多元化办学改革问题研究

• 批准号: 06610268
• 负责人: YASHIKI Kazuyoshi
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: National Institute for Educational Research (NIER)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06610268/
• 关键词: diversification of school educatiion; improvement of school buildings; integrated course; departmentalized classroom system; migration of students between classrooms; 教育方法の多様化; 教科教室型校舎; 空間利用の合理性; 総合学科の施設・設備

The present study provides a considerable detail in its analysis of improvement in school buidings at secondary education level. The first half of the report treats the case of senior high schools and the second half treats that of junior high schools.In l994, the Ministry established some senior high schools which have integrated (neither academic nor vocational) course. We made inquiries through mail and collected materials, and visited a few of these schools in order to survey how school facilities have been coping with the increase in elective subjects offered to the students. Our research has come to the following conclusions : a) Education planners at prefectura1 level should consider improvement school buildings in parallel to the diversification of upper secondary education under the period of restructure when the number of students has been declining. b) The difficulties in migration of students between classrooms might create problems so serious as to affect school managment. … More C) To design school buildings which foster the function of integrated course is an urgent issue from architecutural point of view.In the meantime, our research effort in the Part Two has focused on tracing the effects of departmentalized (subject-based. not homeroom-based) classroom system in junior high schools, which has been expected to diversify and revolutionalize lower secondary education. We sent questionnaires to national and local public junior high schools whose buildings were designed for this new system and visited some of the schools, in order to examine how well the system has been working and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. The major findings of the survey are as follows : a) The school buildings had been constructed on the ground of the shortage of classrooms until the end of 1970s, while individualized approach to students has firmly been put forward as a reason for the construction since around l980. b) Most of the schools which have introduced the departmentalized classroom system have a relatively small enrollment. c) One of the most difficulties to overcome is in guiding all the students to safe and prompt migration from a classroom to another. The present situation suggests that improvement in school facilities has not been very fruitful without reconsideration of educational administraion and school management. Less

本研究报告对中等教育阶段学校建筑的改善情况进行了相当详细的分析。报告的前半部分是关于高中的情况，后半部分是关于初中的情况，1994年，教育部建立了一些高中，开设了综合课程（既不是学术课程，也不是职业课程）。我们通过邮件和收集材料进行了调查，并访问了其中一些学校，以调查学校设施如何应对学生选修课增加的情况。本研究得出以下结论：（1）都道府县教育规划者在学生人数减少的结构调整时期，应考虑在高中教育多样化的同时，改善学校建筑。B）学生在不同班级之间流动的困难可能会造成严重的问题，影响学校的管理。 ...更多信息 （3）从建筑学的角度来看，设计具有综合课程功能的学校建筑是一个迫切的问题，同时，我们在第二部分的研究工作主要集中在追踪部门化（学科化）的影响。在初中实行（不以班级为单位）教室制度，预计这将使初中教育多样化并发生革命性变化。我们向全国和地方公立初中的建筑物设计为这个新系统发送了问卷，并访问了一些学校，以检查该系统的工作情况，并讨论其优点和缺点。调查的主要结果如下：（一）直至七十年代末，校舍的兴建都是以教室不足为理由，而自八十年代左右开始，校舍的兴建则以学生个别化为理由。B）大部分采用分科制的学校，学生人数都较少。c）要克服的最大困难之一是指导所有学生安全和迅速地从一个教室迁移到另一个教室。目前的情况表明，如果不重新考虑教育行政和学校管理，学校设施的改善并没有取得很大成果。少

项目成果

屋敷 和佳・山口 勝己: "国公立中学校における「教科教室制」の実施状況と課題" 日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集. (1997)

Waka Yashiki和Katsumi Yamaguchi：“国立和公立初中学科课堂系统的实施现状和问题”日本建筑学会会议学术讲座摘要（1997年）。