A Study of Problems Reforms concerning school builidings for the Purpose of diversification of secondary education

本研究在分析中学教育水平的校舍改善方面提供了相当详细的资料。报告的前半部分是高中的情况，后半部分是初中的情况。1994年，教育部建立了一些高级中学，这些高中既没有学术课程，也没有职业课程。我们通过邮件和收集资料进行了询问，并访问了其中一些学校，以调查学校设施如何应对学生选修科目的增加。我们的研究得出以下结论：a)在学生数量不断下降的结构调整时期，州一级的教育规划者应该考虑在高中教育多样化的同时改善学校建筑。b)学生在教室之间迁移的困难可能会产生严重的问题，影响学校的管理。C)从建筑学的角度来看，设计具有综合课程功能的学校建筑是一个迫切需要解决的问题。与此同时，我们在第二部分的研究工作主要集中在追踪部门化（基于学科）的影响。而不是以家庭为基础的初中课堂制度，这被期望使初中教育多样化和革命性。我们向国家和地方的公立初中发送了调查问卷，这些学校的建筑是为这种新系统设计的，我们还访问了其中一些学校，以检查该系统的运行情况，并讨论其优点和缺点。调查的主要发现如下：a)直到20世纪70年代末，学校的建筑一直是基于教室短缺的原因而建造的，而自20世纪80年代左右以来，个性化的学生方法已经被坚定地提出作为建设的原因。b)大多数实行分班制的学校的入学人数相对较少。要克服的最大困难之一是引导所有学生安全、迅速地从一个教室转到另一个教室。目前的情况表明，如果不重新考虑教育行政和学校管理，学校设施的改善就不会很有成效。少

The present study provides a considerable detail in its analysis of improvement in school buidings at secondary education level. The first half of the report treats the case of senior high schools and the second half treats that of junior high schools.In l994, the Ministry established some senior high schools which have integrated (neither academic nor vocational) course. We made inquiries through mail and collected materials, and visited a few of these schools in order to survey how school facilities have been coping with the increase in elective subjects offered to the students. Our research has come to the following conclusions : a) Education planners at prefectura1 level should consider improvement school buildings in parallel to the diversification of upper secondary education under the period of restructure when the number of students has been declining. b) The difficulties in migration of students between classrooms might create problems so serious as to affect school managment. … More C) To design school buildings which foster the function of integrated course is an urgent issue from architecutural point of view.In the meantime, our research effort in the Part Two has focused on tracing the effects of departmentalized (subject-based. not homeroom-based) classroom system in junior high schools, which has been expected to diversify and revolutionalize lower secondary education. We sent questionnaires to national and local public junior high schools whose buildings were designed for this new system and visited some of the schools, in order to examine how well the system has been working and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. The major findings of the survey are as follows : a) The school buildings had been constructed on the ground of the shortage of classrooms until the end of 1970s, while individualized approach to students has firmly been put forward as a reason for the construction since around l980. b) Most of the schools which have introduced the departmentalized classroom system have a relatively small enrollment. c) One of the most difficulties to overcome is in guiding all the students to safe and prompt migration from a classroom to another. The present situation suggests that improvement in school facilities has not been very fruitful without reconsideration of educational administraion and school management. Less