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Analysis of Parthenocarpy in Fruits

果实单性结实分析

基本信息

批准号：
15208004
负责人：
WADA Masato
金额：
$ 20.72万
依托单位：
National Agricultural Research Organization
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1) Several apple mutants are known to produce only apetalous flowers that readily go on to develop into parthenocarpic fruit. Flower phenotypes of these apple mutants are strikingly similar to those of the Arabidopsis mutant pistillata (pi), which produces flowers where petals are transformed sepals and stamens to carpels. This PI is categorized as class B gene on floral organogenesis. The PI homolog of apple gene, MdPI, was abolished the expression in the mutant cultivars. The expression of MdPI in normal apple was limited at stamens and petals. It was so difficult to be connected with the parthenocarpy. The apple MdPI has same characters as the PI homologs from other plants. It suggests that the PI gene family is highly conservative in flower evolution.2) The MdPI belongs to the transcription regulators, MADS gene family. Several MADS genes are known to function of floral organogenesis. The MdTM6 and MdMADS13 which belong to MADS gene family and class B gene were cloned successfully. … More The expression of the MdMADS13 showed that remarkable decrease was observed in the parthenocarpic cultivars, and in situ hybridization showed the expression localized at ovary and ovule related with fruiting.3) To access the function of MdPI or MdMADS13 about the parthenocarpy, the vector constructed with suppression or promotion of MdPI or MdMADS13 was transfected into normal apple cultivars. It had been very difficult to get apple transformants so far, but we improved the methods of the transformation and culture conditions. Then the improvement resulted on high ratio of transformation of apple. Then the normal apple cultivars transformed by the antisense expression or the silencing of MdPI gene were obtained successfully. And in addition, the apples transformed by the antisense expression of MdMADS13 or MdTM6 were obtained4) The function of the genes will be clarified after these transgenic apples bloomed and set fruits. But Apple is a sort of perennial plants and takes a several years to the bloom. Then an early flowering apple was required for analysis. We succeeded that the transgenic apple by early flowering gene bloomed within 2 or 3 years after the transformation. Less

已知有几种苹果突变体只产生无瓣花，这些花很容易发育成孤雌果核的果实。这些苹果突变体的花表型与拟南芥突变体雌蕊（pi）惊人地相似，后者产生的花由花瓣转化为萼片，雄蕊转化为心皮。该PI属于花器官发生的B类基因。苹果PI同源基因MdPI在突变品种中不表达。在正常苹果中，MdPI的表达仅限于雄蕊和花瓣。很难与孤雌性联系在一起。苹果的MdPI与其他植物的PI同源物具有相同的性状。这表明PI基因家族在花的进化过程中是高度保守的。2) MdPI属于转录调控因子MADS基因家族。已知几个MADS基因在花器官发生中起作用。成功克隆了MADS基因家族和B类基因MdTM6和MdMADS13。MdMADS13的表达量在单性生殖品种中显著降低，原位杂交表明其表达定位于子房和与结果有关的胚珠。3)将抑制或促进MdPI或MdMADS13构建的载体转染到正常苹果品种中，以了解MdPI或MdMADS13对孤雌核的作用。迄今为止，获得苹果转化体非常困难，但我们改进了转化方法和培养条件。改良后的苹果转化率较高。通过反义表达或沉默MdPI基因，成功转化了正常苹果品种。此外，还获得了MdMADS13或MdTM6反义表达转化的苹果。4)待这些转基因苹果开花坐果后，这些基因的功能将得到澄清。但是苹果是一种多年生植物，需要几年的时间才能开花。然后需要一个开花早的苹果来进行分析。结果表明，转早花基因的苹果在转化后2 ~ 3年内就开花了。少