Research of pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology and prophylaxis

对日本病毒性胃肠炎的流行病学、诊断、治疗、预防和发病机制进行了研究。该病主要发生在冬季。初冬出现杯状病毒（CV）和冬末出现轮状病毒（RV）两个高峰。(1)虽然血清1型RV全年占主导地位，但血清9型RV正在增加。血清9型的传播是世界性的，血清9型感染看起来像是新出现的疾病。由于肠套叠的副反应，RV疫苗被中断。然而，日本的医生希望RV疫苗。疫苗在日本的经济效果与美国相同。免疫层析法已发展用于临床诊断。灵敏度和特异性足以用于临床。通过G血清学分型、P基因分型、NSP 4基因分型和基因分析，发现了相关病毒及其亚型。硫酸化可乐果和可可壳对RV感染有效。(2)用血清型特异性引物和限制性内切酶对腺病毒进行PCR检测。41型为优势型，并在该型中发现了亚型。（3）设计了星状病毒血清型特异性引物。做了分子分析。(4)RT-PCR结果显示CV是继RV之后的第二大常见病毒。诺瓦克样病毒以G Ⅱ为主。但是基因型在几年中发生了变化。制备了重组衣壳蛋白，并将其用于EIA诊断。(5)每周一次从托儿所的婴儿收集粪便样本，持续1年。CV和星状病毒分别暴发2次。CV是从食物中毒病人的粪便和内脏中发现的。公共卫生问题变得很明显。研究所内不仅有经口传播的暴发流行，也有经气传传播的暴发流行。有时，一种基因型在世界范围内被发现，分子流行病学的重要性被理解。流感的疫苗、诊断和治疗的成功有望用于病毒性胃肠炎。

Epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis and pathogenesis of viral gastroenteritis in Japan were studied. The disease was mainly recognized in winter. There were two peaks, the first one was due to calicivirus (CV) in early winter and the second one was due to rotavirus (RV) in late winter. (1) Although serotype 1 RV is dominant through the year but serotype 9 is increasing. The spread of serotype 9 is worldwide and the serotype 9 infection looks like emerging disease. RV vaccine was interrupted due to the side reaction of intussusception. However, physicians in Japan expect RV vaccine. Economical effect of the vaccine in Japan was same as in the United States. Immunochromatography was developed for clinical diagnosis. Sensitivity and specificity are enough for clinical use. Reassortant viruses and subtypes were found by G serotyping, P genotyping, NSP4 genotyping and gene analyzes. Sulfated colominic acid and cacao husk were effective for RV infection. (2) Adenovirus was examined by PCR with serotype specific primers and restricted enzymes. Type 41 was dominant and subtype in the type was found. (3) Serotype-specific primers for astrovirus were designed. Molecular analyzes were done. (4) CV was the second frequent virus by RT-PCR follwing RV. G II was dominant in Norwalk like virus. But the genotypes changed during years. Recombinant protein of capsid was produced and used by EIA for diagnosis. (5) Stool samples were collected once a week for 1 year from infants at a nursery. Outbreaks of CV and astroviruses were 2 times, respectively. CV was discovered from selfish and stool samples of food poisonings. The problems of public health became clear. Not only the outbreaks in institutes through oral roots but also through air-borne roots were suspected. Sometimes one genotype was found worldwide and the importance of molecular epidemiology was understood. The success of vaccine, diagnosis and treatment for influenza is expected for virus gastroenteritis.