Molecular epidemiological study of diarrheal viruses (international comparison)

腹泻病毒造成的婴儿死亡率是发展中国家的一个重要问题。早期诊断和治疗是非常必要的。分子流行病学研究对于了解病毒的出现和再出现是必不可少的。(1)研制了针对星状病毒的乳胶试剂，用于临床粪便标本的诊断。设计病毒-逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(AV-RT-PCR)基因(血清型)特异性引物，对标本进行检测。病毒血清I型在发展中国家占主导地位，而在北京发现病毒血清5型-流行。(2)轮状病毒(RV)血清1型在亚洲除Soul外一直是主要类型，而RV血清9型一直在增加。近年来的主要月份是2月和3月，尽管之前是12月和1月。即使在同一血清型中，也可以将其分为亚型。在中国体内发现了重新配型的RV。(3)用聚合酶链式反应可诊断出腺病毒，并对扩增产物进行限制性内切酶分型。(4)RT-PCR检测杯状病毒。几乎所有阳性样本都是G2。杯状病毒在11月和12月占优势。(5)在硫酸可可酸和可可色素中发现了抗轮状病毒的药物。(6)轮状病毒疫苗是必要的，特别是在发展中国家。轮状病毒疫苗在这项研究中也被认为是具有成本效益的。这些研究是与北京、清迈、苏尔、台北、美因茨、奥斯陆和日本的研究人员一起进行的。

Infantile morality due to diarrheal viruses is important problem in developing countries. Early diagnosis and treatment are desired. Molecular epidemiological study is essential to know emerging and re-emerging of the viruses. (1) Latex reagent was developed on astrovirus (AV) to diagnose clinical stool samples. Genotype (serotype) specific primers of AV-RT-PCR were designed and used for the samples. AV serotype I was predominant in developing countries while AV serotype 5-epidemic was recognized in Beijing. (2) Rotavirus (RV) serotype 1 has been major type in Asia except Soul, however RV serotype 9 has been increasing. The predominant months are Feb and March in recent years although it was Dec and Jan before. Even in a same serotype, it could be devided into subtypes. Reassortant RV was discovered in China. (3) Adenovirus could be diagnoed by PCR in addition serotype was determined with restriction enzyme on PCR products. (4) Calicivirus was diagnosed by RT-PCR. Almost all positive samples were G2. Calicivirus was predominant in Nov and Dec. (5) Anti-rotavirus agents were discovered in sulfated colominic acid and cacao pigment. (6) RV vaccine is necessary especially in developing countries. RV vaccine is recognized as cost effective in this research also.These studies were conducted with researchers in Beijing, Chiang Mai, Soul, Taipei, Mainz, Oslo and Japan.