Molecular epidemiological study of diarrheal viruses (international comparison)

在发展中国家，由病毒引起的婴儿死亡是一个重要问题。需要早期诊断和治疗。分子流行病学研究对于了解病毒的出现和再出现至关重要。(1)研制了星状病毒（AV）胶乳试剂，用于临床粪便标本的诊断。设计AV-RT-PCR的基因型（血清型）特异性引物，并用于样品。发展中国家以AV血清I型为主，北京地区以AV血清5型为主。(2)轮状病毒（RV）血清型1在亚洲除Soul外一直是主要类型，但RV血清型9一直在增加。近年来主要月份为2月和3月，而以前为12月和1月。同一血清型也可分为不同亚型。在中国发现了耐腐RV。(3)PCR可诊断腺病毒，PCR产物经限制性内切酶酶切可确定血清型。(4)RT-PCR检测杯状病毒。几乎所有阳性样品均为G2。（5）硫酸化的可罗米酸和可可色素中发现了抗轮状病毒的活性物质。(6)RV疫苗是必要的，特别是在发展中国家。RV疫苗在本研究中也被认为是具有成本效益的。这些研究是与北京、清迈、Soul、台北、美因茨、奥斯陆和日本的研究人员一起进行的。

Infantile morality due to diarrheal viruses is important problem in developing countries. Early diagnosis and treatment are desired. Molecular epidemiological study is essential to know emerging and re-emerging of the viruses. (1) Latex reagent was developed on astrovirus (AV) to diagnose clinical stool samples. Genotype (serotype) specific primers of AV-RT-PCR were designed and used for the samples. AV serotype I was predominant in developing countries while AV serotype 5-epidemic was recognized in Beijing. (2) Rotavirus (RV) serotype 1 has been major type in Asia except Soul, however RV serotype 9 has been increasing. The predominant months are Feb and March in recent years although it was Dec and Jan before. Even in a same serotype, it could be devided into subtypes. Reassortant RV was discovered in China. (3) Adenovirus could be diagnoed by PCR in addition serotype was determined with restriction enzyme on PCR products. (4) Calicivirus was diagnosed by RT-PCR. Almost all positive samples were G2. Calicivirus was predominant in Nov and Dec. (5) Anti-rotavirus agents were discovered in sulfated colominic acid and cacao pigment. (6) RV vaccine is necessary especially in developing countries. RV vaccine is recognized as cost effective in this research also.These studies were conducted with researchers in Beijing, Chiang Mai, Soul, Taipei, Mainz, Oslo and Japan.