Molecular Epidemiological Studies on Diarrheal Viruses (Comparison between Countries)

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New methods of diagnosis on diarrheal viruses and epidemiological studies on the viruses in Japan and Asia have been done. We developed latex agglutination test, magnetic beads-RT PCR and enzyme immunoassay for astroviruses in addition to rotaviruses and adenoviruses. We could have chance to use antibodies against Norwalk-like viruses. In addition, RT-PCR methods was used for astrovirus and Norwalk-like viruses from small samples. Small round structured vurises spread in outpatient clinics sporadically in winter time of 1995-1996. They were also found from Oyster. Clinically respiratory infection, convulsion, exanthema and others were recognized. Genetic analyzes of PCR products made possible to know the homologies and variations in inter- and intra-serotypes.Intra-serotype variations of rotaviruses were examined in Asia in different years. The specific point mutations were recognized especially in intra-serotype 3. Serotype 1 is predominant in Asia recently, however serotype 2,3 and 4 … More were also found in small populations. Serotype 40 and 41 of adenoviruses were detected in about one tenth of rotaviruses. Genetic analyzes of the fiber regions changed at the specific regions in different countries.Not only development of new methods to diagnosis of astroviruses, but also molecular epidemiological studies have been done. The capsid regions in serotype 1 to 7 were analyzed. The moleculr sizes were different in the different serotypes. N terminus was more similar in serotypes in comparison of those if C terminus. Serotypes 1,3 and 6 were close relationship, while, serotype 2,4,5 and 7 were close. Serotype 1 was dominant in Japan and Europe. Animal astroviruses were quite different from human astroviruses. Norwalk-like viruses were also found in 5-10% of diarrheal viruses. Snow mountain groups was predominant by sequencing. Norwalk group and Sapporo groups were also found. These results were same in Japan and in Asia.We believe that the three years' studies deeply contributed to new research on diarrheal viruses. Less