Analysis of Human behavior in High-Tech Man-Machine Systems

本项目的目标是开发一种认知建模方法，该方法可应用于船舶导航任务的风险分析。本项目在过去三年中取得了以下成果：(1)提出了一种认知任务分析方法，并将其应用于一个基本的机动任务，即所谓的航向跟踪任务。该方法基于船舶导航员的眼动记录和口头协议以及操作和船舶运动日志的同步数据。从任务分析的结果中，可以获得船长或领航员的认知过程。(2)基于上述认知过程，构建了航线跟踪任务的导航器模型。该模型描述了领航员的认知过程和操纵状态之间的动态交互。它代表了一个具有典型任务概率和任务时间的任务网络中的注意力分配模式，即眼-凝视转换。通过使用与实验导航会话相同的场景进行一些模拟运行，验证了导航模型的描述性功能。(3)除简单的航向跟踪任务外，利用(1)提出的方法分析与其他船舶避碰的实验环节。在分析结果的基础上，引出了驾驶员在避碰任务中的认知过程。为此还建立了一个原型认知模型。(4)在导航器模型中加入了一个估计导航器操纵时心理负荷的特征。这一特征是基于导航者短期记忆中的状态轨迹。(5)本项目构建的导航器模型在PC平台上实现，具有交互式图形界面，并具有特定的风险分析分析功能。模拟航迹图和领航员的心理状态可以显示在计算机屏幕上。仿真条件如环境因素和导航员的个人因素，这些都可以通过界面来改变。少

The objectives of the present project is to develop a methodology on cognitive modeling which can be applied to risk analysis for the ship navigation tasks. The following outcomes were obtained by the present project for the last three years :(1) A methodology for cognitive task analysis was proposed and applied to a basic manoeuvring task, socalled course tracking task. The proposed method was based on synchronized data from eye-movement recordings and verbal protocols of ship navigators as well as operation and ship motion logs. From results of the task analysis, cognitive processes of a captain or a navigator could be acquired.(2) Based on the cognitive processes mentioned above, a navigator model was built for the course tracking task. The model describes a dynamic interaction between a navigator's cognitive processes and the states in manoeuvre. It represents attention allocation patterns, i.e., eye-gaze transitions, in a task network with a prototypical task probability and task … More time. The navigator model was validated its descriptive facility through some simulation runs using the identical scenarios to the experimental navigation sessions.(3) In addition to simple course tracking tasks, experimental sessions of collision avoidance with other ships were analyzed using the proposed method mentioned in (1). Based on the results of analysis, we elicited the navigator's cognitive processes during the collision avoidance task. A prototypical cognitive model was also built for this task.(4) A feature for estimating the navigator's mental workload in manoeuvring was equipped into the navigator model. This feature was based on the trace of the states in the navigator's short term memory.(5) The navigator model built by the present project, which was implemented on a PC platform, has an interactive graphical interface as well as with specific analytical features for the risk analysis. Simulated track plots and mental states of the navigator can be displayed on a computer screen. Simulation conditions such as environmental factors and the navigator's individual factors, which are changeable through the interface. Less