Comparative Study on the Administration and Finance of the Care Security Systems: Japan and European Counties

我们的研究项目旨在发现护理保障系统的重组。为此，我们调查了欧洲国家的护理制度，并与我国的护理制度进行了比较。我们的研究框架的要点如下。(1)符合使用者/居住者需要的护理服务系统。(2)组织护理服务，包括护理管理（3）护理相关工作人员的培训制度。(4)用户的索赔和救济制度。(5)我国的公共长期护理保险制度始于2000年4月，其形式是社会保险，但其资金一半以上来自税收。因此，我们集中在德国和瑞典的，做我们的研究目标。在瑞典，地方政府在20世纪80年代形成了普遍的护理系统，包括社会家庭帮助和老年人的房屋/设施。在20世纪90年代经济危机下，瑞典的护理系统进行了重组，以替代性护理、权力下放和在社会护理中引入市场机制。然而，他们试图继续护理服务的质量，改革护理经理的培训制度，实现服务的有效性和服务组织的效率。在德国，我们也了解到，在社会长期护理保险下，护理人员的培训制度和标准得到了重组。我们对这一主题的研究结果是，服务有效性的重要性：培训系统、护理人员标准、服务组织和替代系统，以提高服务质量，此外，应当为用户/居民制定服务资格标准和索赔救济制度。

Our research project aimed to discover the reorganization of the Care Security Systems. To do this task, we investigated the Care Systems of European counties and compared with that of our country. The points of our research frameworks are as follows.(1) Care service systems fitting needs of users/inhabjtants.(2) Organization of care delivery services, including care management(3) Training System for care related worker.(4) Claim and relief systems of the users.(5) Financing and administrative systems to attain the systems mentioned above.Public long-term care insurance systems in our country, started.from April 2000, are social insurance in form ; however, more than half money is financed by tax. So, we focused those of Germany and Sweden to do our research aims. In Sweden, local governments formed universal Care Systems including social home help and house/facilities for the elderly by 1980s. Under the economic crisis in 1990s, Swedish care systems had been reorganized to alternative ones; decentralization and the introducing market mechanism in social care. However, they try to continue the quality of care services, reforming training system of care manager; to realize effectiveness of services and efficiency of service organization. In Germany, we also got information about the reorganization of the training systems and standard of care staffs, under the social long-term care insurance.The result of our research as to theme is the importance of effectiveness of services: training systems, standard of cares workers, service organization and alternative systems to make services high quality, In addition, eligibility criteria of services and the claim-relief systems should be established for the user/inhabitants.