Breeding of yeast which ferments directly cellulose

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For utilization of biomass cellulosic substances are important because they are dominant organic substances on the earth. Cellulases consist of complex system and they hydrolyze cellulosic substances synergistically. We isolated Aspergillus aculeatus which shows synergism with Trichoderma cellulase. When the cellulase from Aspergillus aculeatus was mixed with Trichoderma cellulase, enzyme showed potent synergisty and hydrolyzed completely cellulosic substances. The research elucidated essential cellulase components. The enzyme genes were cloned and then these genes were introduced into yeast cells. Finally, we can expected the yeast which produced ethanol directly from cellulose.The genes of 1 β-glucosidase, 2 Avicelases, 2 CM-cellulases, β-mannosidase, 1 xylanase were cloned. These genes were expressed in yeast cells. β-mannosidase gene was introduced into Aspergillus. The enzyme production improved in fungal cells.