Nursing Intervention and Educational Program Based on Life Skills Development for chronically ill Children and their Families

本研究的目的是：1）为慢性病儿童及其家庭制定一个基于生活技能建设的干预和健康教育计划; 2）评估干预和计划对促进积极适应的效果。该方案旨在发展生活技能，以促进哮喘儿童及其家庭的心理社会适应能力，并促进哮喘的自我管理。参与者是12个家庭（35名家庭成员），他们有8至12岁的哮喘儿童，他们是从日本关西地区综合医院的儿科诊所招募的。方法：对150例老年人进行为期3天的生活技能健康教育和护理干预（包括心理教育指导和支持、生活技能训练、促进活动和创造支持性环境），并在干预前采用问卷调查法评价干预效果。结果表明，作为通过项目进行干预的结果，结果变量发生了显著的积极变化。这些变化包括哮喘儿童自我效能、压力管理和自尊的提高，以及哮喘自我管理和育儿态度的改善，家庭压力的减轻，家庭应对的增强，家庭支持和家庭力量。本研究的结果表明，护理干预的手段，以生活为基础的计划，技能发展有可能促进哮喘儿童家庭的积极适应和运作。

The purposes of this study were 1)to develop an intervention and health educational program based on life skills building for chronically ill children and their families, and 2)to evaluate the effect of intervention and the program on the promotion of positive adaptation. The program was designed to develop life skills in order to facilitate psychosocial adaptability of children with asthma and their families and to promote self-management of asthma. The participants were 12 families (35 family members) with asthmatic children between 8 and 12 years old, who had recruited from pediatric clinics at general hospitals in the Kansai area of Japan. They were provided with 3-day program comprising 15 hours of health education based on life-skill and of nursing intervention comprising psycho-educational instruction and support, life-skills training, facilitating activities, and creating a supportive environment.The effects of intervention and the program were evaluated by means of a questionnaire containing scales to measure outcome variable before the program, at the end of the program and at follow-up 3 months after the program.The findings indicated significant positive changes in the outcome variables as a result of intervention by means of a program. The changes consisted of improved self-efficacy, stress management and self-esteem for the asthmatic children and also improved self-management of asthma and child-rearing attitudes, reduced family stress, enhanced family coping, family support and family strength.The results of this study showed that nursing interventions by means of a program based on life-skill development have the potential to promote positive adaptation and functioning by families living with asthmatic children.