Culture Psychological Research on Family and Individual Development in changing society

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The purpose of this project is to examine the model of "social change, family change, individual development". Two studies conducted in this project, namely, individualization in Japan and role of family relationship, and cultural self and emotional process in different cultures. Study 1; To examine the relationship between society and family change and personal life transition which may cause individualization, we developed a questionnaire to assess couples for their attitudes toward family. The contents of the scale are "self-actualization", "family importance", "Harmony of partner relationship", "Feeling to Child and child rearing", "Satisfaction of life". Subjects were two groups; one group included 522 parents whose children were 0-7 and another group included 144 parents whose children were college students. As a results, 1) mother-father equality of job resulted in an increase in male's percentage of house holdings, 2) non-job mother's satisfaction of partners were correlated wi … More th importance of family while full time mother's satisfaction were not. Instead, father's help to house holdings were correlated with the latter. These findings supported a model of "social changes-family change-individual development". Study 2; To see the relationship between cultural self and emotional process, we concluded three studies. The first study was an experience sampling study in which American, Japanese and Taiwanese university students reported their emotional experience. Differences in the culturally occurring appraisals were found. The second study attempted to sort out whether the cultural differences in appraisal were due to differences in the eliciting situations differences in appraisals, or an interaction of both. For this study we used 20 vignettes per culture in the experience sampling study. This study did not on all points replicate the cultural differences yielded by the experience sampling study. Third study focused on people's emotional response against different cultural situation with situation sampling methods. Japanese, Americans and Japanese returners were asked to respond about vignettes. We found the difference in the way of coping between culture of respondent and culture of vignette as well. All together, our findings in two studies suggested that the model of "social change, family change, individual development" might be useful to think about psychological process between and within cultural differences. Less