Molecular genetic analysis of plant survival strategy by cell death

植物细胞死亡生存策略的分子遗传学分析

• 批准号: 12460003
• 负责人: UCHIMIYA Hirofumi
• 金额: $ 9.02万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12460003/
• 关键词: cell death; plant; UV radiation; NADPH reductase; H_2O_2; rice; stresses; 細胞分裂; 酸性化; 皮層; 液胞; 破生通気腔

Programmed cell death is a typical phenomenon, which has been known long time in many organisms. Although relatively little is known about the mechanistic details of cell death in plants, some aspects of the molecular machinery are conserved between plants and animals. This study was intended to find out the basic strategy to use cell death mechanism in relation to stress biology. Special interest has been paid in terms of identifying genes responsible for cell death, and application of such genes in molecular breeding of plants for stress resistance. In this context, some new genes, which regulated cell death, are intriguing. In facts, such genes also work to prevent fungus infestation as well as oxidative stress. Another good instance can be seen in the following example. The phenotype of over-expressed NADPH reductase lines of rice showed enhanced resistance to rice blast disease as well as various abiotic stresses, such as UV radiation, salt and submergence. This apparently indicates that such gene plays a role in plant defense systems via a new pathway under biotic and abiotic stress.A great deal of evidence has shown that H_2O_2 functions as an important cellular mediator regulating cell growth, development and triggering cell defense systems in both biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that NADPH reductase is responsive for redox state of NADPH and NADP, which in turn stimulate stress resistance as a whole plants. In conclusion we presented the evidence that cell death regulators can be used for the application of new tools of molecular breeding of stress resistant crops, which would be readily available for the sustainable agriculture.

细胞程序性死亡是一种典型的细胞死亡现象，在许多生物体中早已知晓。尽管对植物细胞死亡的机制细节知之甚少，但分子机制的某些方面在植物和动物之间是保守的。本研究旨在找出与应激生物学相关的细胞死亡机制的基本策略。在鉴定导致细胞死亡的基因，以及这些基因在植物抗逆性分子育种中的应用方面，人们特别感兴趣。在这种背景下，一些控制细胞死亡的新基因很耐人寻味。事实上，这种基因还可以防止真菌侵袭和氧化应激。在下面的示例中可以看到另一个很好的例子。高表达NADPH还原酶的水稻品系表现出对稻瘟病和各种非生物胁迫(如紫外线、盐分和淹水)的抗性增强。这显然表明该基因通过一条新的途径在生物和非生物胁迫下参与植物的防御系统。大量证据表明，在生物和非生物胁迫下，H_2O_2作为一种重要的细胞介质调节细胞的生长发育和触发细胞防御系统。在本研究中，我们首次证明NADPH还原酶响应NADPH和NADP的氧化还原状态，进而刺激整个植物的抗逆性。总之，我们提出的证据表明，细胞死亡调节剂可用于抗逆作物分子育种的新工具的应用，这将为可持续农业提供便利。