A comparative study on regeneration of public housing estates in Englnad and Japan

本研究旨在比较日本和英国在20世纪50年代至70年代建造的公共住宅小区的综合更新方法。本文从文献中提炼出大型公共住宅区存在的问题，并分析了城市和住宅更新的物理和社会问题以及公共部门、居民和非营利组织的参与措施。在英国，我们对伯明翰的Castle Vale、泰恩河畔新城堡的Byker、伦敦的Harlow和BroadWater农场进行了实地调查，并对这些地区的公共住宅更新进行了分析。研究结果发现，我国公共住宅小区的更新主要有两种类型：一是将存量房由地方政府转移给非营利组织，二是为更新提供资金安排。 关于我们 地方政府自己的。另一方面，在日本，公共屋的问题与英国不同。例如屋空置问题、少数族裔问题等，都没有英国严重。最大的问题是他们如何设法重建现有的旧住房，因为住房当局没有足够的资源。他们挖掘资源，处理土地，把中等层的公屋重建为高层。研究发现，日本的住宅管理部门重视住宅区的物质改善。在斯洛伐克的Petrzalka住宅区，由于住房短缺仍然是一个主要问题，不仅需要改造破旧的住宅区，而且还需要建造新的住宅。随着社会经济体制的变化，如何实现房地产的私有化和私有化后的管理，建立和培育适当的住宅市场，是一个亟待解决的问题。庄园再生采取了综合方法，包括物质改善和社会经济措施。少

This study aims to compare methods of comprehensive regeneration for public housing estates constructed between 1950's and 70's in Japan and the UK. We distilled the problems in large-scale public housing estates from the literature, and analyzed measures of urban and housing regeneration for physical and social problems and participation of puiblic sector, residents and non-profit organizations. We focused on roles of participants in regeneration of public housing stock, and tried to understand how public sector take measures of improvement for public housing stock paying attention to relation between urban regeneration and housing policy.In the UK, we did field survey in Castle Vale estate in Birmingham, Byker estate in New Castle Upon Tyne, Harlow and BroadWater Farm in London. As the result, we found that there are two types in regeneration of public housing estate ; housing stock transferfrom local authority to non profit organization, and financial arrangement for the regeneratio … More n by local authority own. On the other hand, in Japan, the problems in public housing estates are different from those in the UK. For example, the problems of void in housing estates and problems of ethnic minority are less serious than those in the UK. The biggest problem is how they manage to rebuild existing old housing stock because housing authorities have not had enough resources. They dug up the resources disposing the land and rebuilding medium stoiy public housing into tower block. It was found that Japanese housing authorities stress on physical improvement in the estates.In Petrzalka estate, Slovakia, it is necessary not only to regenerate run down estates but also to build new housing because housing shortage is still a major problem. According to changes in the social and economic system, it is a serious issue to privatize the estates and management after the privatization, and to establish and bring up adequate housing market.In Bijlmermeer estate, Netherlands, we explored the process and causes of rundown estate. Estate regeneration there has taken integrated approach that covered physical improvement and social and economic measures. Less