A comparative study on regeneration of public housing estates in Englnad and Japan

本研究旨在比较日本和英国1950年S和70年S建造的公共屋的综合更新方法。我们从文献中提炼出大型公共屋苑存在的问题，并分析了针对物质和社会问题以及公共部门、居民和非营利组织的参与的城市和住房更新措施。我们着眼于公共住房存量更新中参与者的角色，并试图了解公共部门如何采取改善公共住房存量的措施，同时关注城市更新与住房政策的关系。在英国，我们对伯明翰的Castle Vale庄园、泰恩河畔新城堡的Byker庄园、伦敦的Harlow和Broadwater Farm进行了实地调研。结果发现，公共屋村的更新存在两种类型：从地方政府向非营利组织转移存量房屋和为更新…提供资金安排。更多的n由地方当局自己决定。另一方面，在日本，公共屋的问题与英国不同。例如，屋苑空置的问题和少数族裔的问题没有英国那么严重。最大的问题是他们如何重建现有的旧住房存量，因为住房当局没有足够的资源。他们挖出资源，处置土地，将中等规模的公房改建成塔楼。调查发现，日本住房当局注重对屋苑进行实物改善。在斯洛伐克的彼得扎尔卡屋苑，不仅要改造破旧的屋苑，而且要建造新的住房，因为住房短缺仍然是一个主要问题。根据社会经济体制的变化，私有化后的房地产和管理私有化，建立和培育足够的住房市场是一个严峻的问题。我们在荷兰的比尔默米尔庄园探索了房地产破败的过程和原因。那里的房地产重建采取了综合办法，包括物质改善和社会和经济措施。较少

This study aims to compare methods of comprehensive regeneration for public housing estates constructed between 1950's and 70's in Japan and the UK. We distilled the problems in large-scale public housing estates from the literature, and analyzed measures of urban and housing regeneration for physical and social problems and participation of puiblic sector, residents and non-profit organizations. We focused on roles of participants in regeneration of public housing stock, and tried to understand how public sector take measures of improvement for public housing stock paying attention to relation between urban regeneration and housing policy.In the UK, we did field survey in Castle Vale estate in Birmingham, Byker estate in New Castle Upon Tyne, Harlow and BroadWater Farm in London. As the result, we found that there are two types in regeneration of public housing estate ; housing stock transferfrom local authority to non profit organization, and financial arrangement for the regeneratio … More n by local authority own. On the other hand, in Japan, the problems in public housing estates are different from those in the UK. For example, the problems of void in housing estates and problems of ethnic minority are less serious than those in the UK. The biggest problem is how they manage to rebuild existing old housing stock because housing authorities have not had enough resources. They dug up the resources disposing the land and rebuilding medium stoiy public housing into tower block. It was found that Japanese housing authorities stress on physical improvement in the estates.In Petrzalka estate, Slovakia, it is necessary not only to regenerate run down estates but also to build new housing because housing shortage is still a major problem. According to changes in the social and economic system, it is a serious issue to privatize the estates and management after the privatization, and to establish and bring up adequate housing market.In Bijlmermeer estate, Netherlands, we explored the process and causes of rundown estate. Estate regeneration there has taken integrated approach that covered physical improvement and social and economic measures. Less