BACTERIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ASSESSMENT OF GAME MEAT FROM JAPANESE WILD ANIMALS

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To investigate the phylogeographic characteristics and population structure of Japanese wild animals, especially Japanese wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax), Japanese deer and brown bear (Ursus arctos), a genetic method by using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes and the nuclear glucosephosphate isomerase-processed pseudogene (GPIP) was developed. Bacterial tests were also used to assess bacterial contamination of geme geat from Japanese wild boars.1)Phylogeographic characteristics of Japanese wild boar : Eighteen Japanese wild boar haplotypes were detected from partial sequences of the mtDNA control region (574bp) from 450 Japanese wild boar specimens from 13 local populations on Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu islands. The Japanese wild boars were more closely related to Northeast Asian wild boar from Mongolia than to the other Asian continental S.scrofa.2)Distinguishing of pig-wild boar crossbred : Sixteen mtDNA haplotypes from 152 wild boars from Kyushu, Shikoku and Honshu Islands of Japan were distinct from the those from Asian and European domestic pigs. Five alleles of GPIP were classified into two groups : (1)alleles GPIP1,GPIP3 and GPIP3a, and (2)alleles GPIP4 and GPIP4a. An extensive genetic survey was done to distinguish the crossbred Inobuta from 60 wild boars from Kyushu Island. Some game meat sold as Japanese wild boar is adulterated by cross-breeding between pigs and wild boars or by contamination with meat from domestic pigs or European wild boars.3)Bacterial tests : The bacterial contamination of wild boar meat was less than that of domestic pork, as determined by aerobic plate counts (APC) and coliform counts. None of the meat examined in this study was contaminated by Salmonella and E.coh O157.4)Surveillance of chronic wasting disease(CWD) in Japanese deer : None affected deer was detected from 130 deer by western blot analysis.