A new exercise training program for the elderly by developing a novel handy calorie meter and an IT network system after the determination of human genome sequences.

本项目的目的是通过开发一种新型的方便的卡路里计和IT网络，开发一种可以应用于数千名老年人的运动训练计划，此外，建立动物模型来调查遗传背景对该计划的不同反应。项目总结如下：1)热量计的开发：我们成功开发了一种新型的便携式热量计，可以精确测量步行强度以上运动时的能量消耗。此外，我们能够通过测量3个维度的加速度来估计大腿的肌肉力量：前后，左右，上下，在最大速度下行走。2)利用IT网络制定适合个人的运动训练方案：我们在200名老年志愿者中证实，训练方案后估计的最大有氧能力（VO_<2,max>）提高了10-20%；以60-70% vo2的高速度行走，最大步行量为3min /天，3天/周，连续6个月。训练期间的个人能量消耗由卡路里计记录。数据每隔一段时间通过终端计算机传输到上位机，反过来，训练对个体血液化学物质、血压、体质的影响以反馈的方式发送到终端计算机。通过这一制度，即使没有令人满意的体育训练设施或教练，也将有数千名老年人能够参加这项计划。3)建立动物模型，发现运动反应良好的基因：建立动物模型，发现运动反应良好的基因。例如，我们研究了钙钙蛋白在动脉压力调节中的作用。钙钙蛋白被认为是血管平滑肌中与α-肾上腺素能性血管收缩相关的介质。我们发现钙钙蛋白敲除小鼠的动脉压调节功能受损，钙钙蛋白基因缺陷，等等。它们不能像对照组老鼠那样以高强度奔跑。此外，我们发现，由于α-肾上腺素能受体未表达，双敲除小鼠的动脉压调节功能受损，而CRY是产生昼夜节律活动的关键基因。在血管平滑肌中。这些有希望的发现填补了分子生物学和系统生理学之间的空白。通过引入上述系统，我们将能够将这些扩展到人类研究中。少

The purpose of the present project was to develop a exercise training program which can be applied to over several thousands elderly people by developing a novel handy calorie meter and an IT network, and moreover, to establish animal models to investigate individually different responses to the program from genetic background. Summary of the project is as follows,1)The development of a calorie meter :We successfully developed a novel handy calorie meter to measure energy expenditure precisely during exercise above the intensity of walking. Moreover, we are able to estimate muscle strength of the thigh by measuring acceleration in the 3 dimensions : fore back, right-left, and up-down, during walking at the maxial speed.2)The development of exercise training program suitable for individuals by IT network :We confirmed in 200 elderly voluanteers that estimated maximal aerobic power (VO_<2,max>) increased by 10-20% after the training regimen ; walking at the high speed of 60-70% VO_<2,max … More >, 3Omin/ day, 3 day/week, for 6 months. The individual enegy expenditure during the training period was recorded by the calorie meter. The data were transferred to a host computer through terminal computers at a given interval, and inversely, the effects by the training on blood chemicals, blood pressure, and physical fitness were sent to the teriminal computer for the individuals in a feed back manner. By this system, several thousands of elderly people will be able to participate the program even though there are riot satisfactory number of facilities for physical training or trainers.3)The development of animal models to discover the genes well responding to physical training :We developed animal models to discover the gene well responding to physical training. For example, we investigated the role of calponin in arterial pressure regulation. Calponin is known to be a mediator in the vascular smooth muscle associating with α-adrenergic vasoconstriction. We found that arterial pressure regulation was impaired in the calponin knockout mice, genetically deficient of calponin, and that. they were not able to run at the high intensity as control mice. Moreover, we found that arterial pressure regulation was impaired in CRY, a key gene to generate circadian rhythm of activity, double knockout mice since α-adrenergic receptors were not expressed. in the vascular smooth muscles. These are promising findings to fill the gap between molecular bilogy and system physiology. We will be able to extend these to human studies by introducing the system stated above. Less