Effects of exercise training on age-related muscle atrophy and bone loss and their countermeasures

60岁、70岁和80岁的健康女性进行了为期8周的运动训练，分别达到50%、70%或100%的最大自主膝关节伸展。运动训练后，60岁和70岁女性的最大肌力高于80岁女性，最大收缩达到100%。相比之下，60岁、70岁和80岁的女性在达到最大收缩的50%和70%后，最大肌肉力量没有差异。与运动训练的类型无关，三组之间的骨密度没有差异。最大肌肉力量的年龄相关性下降可以通过最大努力的运动训练来预防。相比之下，运动训练并不能防止骨密度的下降。结论是，高强度的运动训练对肌力有效，但对骨密度无效。研究了自主跑步运动对衰老加速小鼠（SAMP6）骨骼肌和骨骼的影响。运动训练可以预防与年龄相关的肌肉纤维萎缩。此外，运动训练可以抑制骨质减少。这表明运动训练对肌肉骨骼系统的年龄相关变化是有效的。

Sixty-, 70-, and 80-years old healthy women were subjected to exercise training with their 50, 70, or 100% of maximal voluntary knee extension for 8 weeks. Maximal muscle strength at 60- and 70-years-old women was higher than that at 80-years-old women after exercise training with their 100% of maximal contraction. In contrast, there was no difference in maximal muscle strength among 60-, 70-, and 80-years-old women after their 50 and 70% of maximal contraction. There was no difference in bone density among three groups, irrespective the type of exercise training. An age-related decline in maximal muscle strength was prevented by exercise training with their maximal effort. In contrast, a decrease in bone density was not prevented by exercise training. It is concluded that exercise training at higher strength is effective for muscle strength, but not for bone density. Effects of voluntary running exercise on skeletal muscle and bone in senescence accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) were investigated. An age-related atrophy in muscle fibers was prevented by exercise training. In addition, an osteopenia was inhibited by exercise training. It is suggested that exercise training is effective for age-related changes in musculoskeletal systems.