Ecological and genetic study on conservation of endangered Pseudorasbora pumila pumila from the extinction by invasion of P.parva

濒临灭绝的麦穗鱼因入侵而灭绝的保护生态和遗传研究

• 批准号: 15580152
• 负责人: GOTO Akira
• 金额: $ 2.37万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15580152/
• 关键词: Pseudorasbora pumila; Pseudorasbora parva; artificial introduction; genetic individual composition; hybridization; resource partition; species displacement; coexisting mechanisms; コイ科魚類; 絶滅危惧種; 移植放流; 種間交雑; 異種間遺伝子浸透; 種間共同; 種置換; 生物多様性保全

The objectives of the present study were to estimate the genetic and ecological effects on an endangered cyprinid species, Pseudorasbora pumila pumila, by invasion of a closely related P.parva, and then to present effective conservation priorities of P.pumila populations. Through both ecological and genetic studies, following valuable results were obtained.1)In some lakes and ponds of Hokkaido and Tohoku District where P.pumila was solely distributed before 1950's, it was found that species displacement into P.parva or coexisting of both species occurred.2)In three sympatric populations of two species, the individual frequency composition of genetic types (P.pumila, P.parva, F_1 hybrid and later filial generation hybrid) were significantly different from each other : only P.pumila and P.parva in the Keijo Park, both species, F_1 hybrid and later filial generation hybrid in the Lake Konuma and Junsai.3)Mate choice experiments indicated that larger males acquired higher reproductive success in both species and that strong assortative mating occurred in both species.4)Laboratory experiments on male-male competition for spawning resources revealed that larger males had higher success in acquisition of spawning substrate in each species, and that the success ratio was different between species in the location of spawning substrate placed in an aquarium.5)Based on these results, it is reasonable to consider that P.pumila should be replaced by P.parva, through hybridization between the species by which much female gamates of the former are lost, under the conditions with poor available spawning substrate and low variable physical environment. This suggests, in turn, that under the opposite conditions the two species are able to coexist in lakes and ponds through strong assotative mating in each species.

本研究的目的是评估近缘种麦穗鱼入侵对濒危鲤科鱼类麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora pumila pumila）的遗传和生态影响，进而提出有效的保护措施。通过生态学和遗传学的研究，获得了以下有价值的结果：1）在北海道和东北地区的一些湖泊和池塘中，50年代以前，白鲳是唯一分布的，但在这些湖泊和池塘中，白鲳和小白鲳发生了种间位移或种间共存。2）在两种白鲳的3个同域种群中，遗传型的个体频率组成与白鲳和小白鲳的个体频率组成基本一致。3）白鲳和小白鲳的遗传型的个体频率组成与白鲳和小白鲳的遗传型的个体频率组成基本一致。4）白鲳和小白鲳的遗传型的个体频率组成与白鲳和小白鲳的遗传型的个体频率组成基本一致（P.pumila、P.parva、F_1杂种和后代杂种）间差异显著：在京条公园只有P.pumila和P.parva两个物种，F_1代杂种和后代杂种在小沼湖和Junsai.3）交配选择实验表明，两个物种中较大的雄性获得更高的繁殖成功率，并且两个物种都发生了强烈的排斥性交配。雄性对产卵资源的竞争表明，在每个物种中，较大的雄性在获得产卵基质方面具有较高的成功率，并且在产卵基质放置的位置上，不同物种的成功率不同。5）基于这些结果，可以合理地认为，P.pumila应该被P.parva所取代。在可利用的产卵基质少、自然环境变化小的条件下，通过种间杂交使前者雌配子大量丢失。这反过来又表明，在相反的条件下，这两个物种能够在湖泊和池塘中共存，通过每个物种的强关联交配。

项目成果

Yamazaki Yuji: "Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence between two cryptic species of genus Lethenteron, with reference to improved identification method"Journal of Fish Biology. 62. 591-609 (2003)

山崎裕二：“Lethenteron属两种隐性物种之间线粒体DNA序列的分歧，参考改进的鉴定方法”《鱼类生物学杂志》。

Genetic structure of Pseudorasbora pumila pumila and Pseudorasbora parva populations with their genetic consequences in sympatry

麦穗鱼和麦穗鱼种群的遗传结构及其同域遗传后果

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Ichthyological Research 52(in press)
• 作者: Koga K;A.Goto
• 通讯作者: A.Goto

Allozyme divergence between two groups of the Japanese spinous loach, Cobitis takatsuensis

两组日本刺泥鳅 Cobitis takatsuensis 之间的同种酶差异

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Ichthyological Research 51
• 作者: Takahashi H.;T Nagai;A.Goto;Koga Kazuto;Takahashi Hiroshi;Yamamoto Yusuke;Shimizu Takaaki
• 通讯作者: Shimizu Takaaki

Hybrid male sterility between freshwater and brackish-water types of inespine ickleback Pungitius pungitius (Pisces, Gasterosteidae)

淡水和咸水型 inespine ickleback Pungitius pungitius（双鱼座，Gasterosteidae）的杂交雄性不育性

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Zoological Science 22
• 作者: Takahashi H.;T Nagai;A.Goto
• 通讯作者: A.Goto

後藤 晃(編著): "トゲウオの自然史-多様性の謎とその保全"北海道大学図書刊行会. 278 (2003)

Akira Goto（编辑）：“刺鱼的自然历史 - 多样性之谜及其保护”北海道大学出版协会 278（2003）。