Biodiversity and origin of freshwater fishes in the Far-Eastern Asia

为了阐明远东地区高地方性淡水鱼类的生物多样性和物种多样性的来源，在日本、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦和台湾等地开展了遗传、形态学、生态学和行为学研究，取得了以下有价值的结果：1)东亚地区Lethenteron物种间的系统发育关系，阐明了L.japonicum、L.kessleri和L.sp；2)哈萨克斯坦鄂布河水系采集的鲫鱼由Carassius Carassius和C.auratus组成，后者至少包括两个类群；一种原产于哈萨克斯坦，另一种可能是从中国引进的。3)东亚九刺棘鱼（Pungitius属）由3个主要系（a、B、C）组成。基于AFLP数据的线性化分子钟树分析表明，东亚bagrid鲶鱼（Pseudobagrus-group）谱系在3.0 MYA左右分化，（B+C）谱系在2.2 MYA左右分化。4)MtDNA序列数据表明，东亚bagrid鲶鱼（Pseudobagrus-group）包括两个主要的单系谱系，其中一个谱系分布于整个范围，包括Pseudobagrus、Peltobagrus和Coreobagrus；另一种由中国的黑醋栗和一些假bagrus种组成。5) MtDNA序列数据显示，欧亚东部淡水雕刻动物（棉属和棉属）包括5个主要谱系A- e， A系由片尾绵蚊和卡齐卡绵蚊组成，具有地生生活史，B-E系由其余棉属物种组成，具有两栖、湖生和河流生活史。6)通过对三刺鱼（太平洋和日本海刺鱼复合体）多对同地分布的遗传和表型差异关系的比较分析，发现鱼的体型可能在刺鱼形成早期起重要作用，而求偶库的差异在刺鱼形成后期起重要作用。少

In order to elucidate the biodiversity and origin of species diversity of freshwater fishes with high endemism in Far-Eastern Asia, genetic, morphological, ecological and ethological studies were carried out in Japan, Russia, Kazafstan and Taiwan, and as the results following valuable results were obtained :1) For the phylogenetic relationships among Lethenteron species in East Asia, it was elucidated that L.japonicum, L.kessleri and L.sp. N were monophyletic and L.sp.S derived from the common ancestral stock of the genera, Lethenteron, Lampetra and Entosphenus.2) It was found that crucian carps collected from the Ob River system in Kazafstan consisted of Carassius carassius and C.auratus, the latter including two groups at least ; one is native in Kazafstan and another is introduced presumably from China.3) East Asian ninespine sticklebacks (genus Pungitius) were composed of 3 major lineages (A. B and C). A linearized molecular clock tree based on AFLP data disclosed that the lineage … More A and (B+C) were diverged about 3.0 MYA, and lineages B and C were diverged 2.2 MYA.4) MtDNA sequence data disclosed that East Asian bagrid catfishes (Pseudobagrus-group) includes two major monophyletic lineages and that one of them is distributed in the whole range, including so-called Pseudobagrus, Peltobagrus and Coreobagrus, and the other consists of Chinese Leiocassis and some Pseudobagrus species.5) MtDNA sequence data disclosed that eastern Eurasian freshwater sculpins (genera Cottus and Trachidermus) include 5 major lineages A-E, lineage A consisting of T.fasciatus and C.kazika having a catadromous life-history, and lineages B-E consisting of the remaining Cottus species having amphidromous, lacustrine and fluvial life-histories.6) A comparative analysis of the relationship between genetic and phenotypic divergence in multiple sympatric pairs of threespine sticklebacks (the Pacific Ocean and Japan Sea forms of Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) disclosed that body size of fish may play an important role at the early stage of stickleback speciation and divergence of courtship repertories play an important role at the later stage. Less