Biodiversity and origin of freshwater fishes in the Far-Eastern Asia

为了阐明远东地区高特有性淡水鱼类的生物多样性和物种多样性的起源，在日本、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦和台湾进行了遗传学、形态学、生态学和行为学的研究，并取得了以下有价值的结果：1）东亚地区的Lethenteron种的系统发育关系表明，L.japonicum、L.kessleri和L.sp. N是单系的，L. sp. S是Lethenteron属的共同祖先，（2）鄂毕河流域的鲫鱼由鲫鱼（Carassius carassius）和鲫鱼（C.auratus）组成，后者至少包括两个类群，一个为哈萨克斯坦本地类群，另一个可能是从中国引进的类群。B和C）。基于AFLP数据的线性化分子钟树揭示了该谱系 关于我们 A和（B+C）的分化时间约为3.0MYA，B和C的分化时间约为2.2MYA。4）线粒体DNA序列分析表明，东亚鲇（Pseudobagrus-group）包括两个主要的单系谱系，其中一个分布于整个分布区，包括所谓的Pseudobagrus，Pelidiagrus和Coreobagrus，5）MtDNA序列分析表明，欧亚大陆东部淡水杜父鱼（Sculpins）是一种以鱼类为主的鱼类（杜父鱼属和Trachidermus属）包括5个主要谱系A-E，谱系A由具有降河产卵生活史的T.fasciatus和C.kazika组成，和谱系B-E组成的其余杜父鱼物种，湖泊和河流生活史。6）三刺鱼多对同域配对遗传分化与表型分化关系的比较分析（太平洋型和日本海型棘腹鱼复合体）的研究表明，在棘鱼物种形成的早期阶段，鱼的体型大小可能起着重要的作用，而在后期阶段，求偶谱系的分化可能起着重要的作用。少

In order to elucidate the biodiversity and origin of species diversity of freshwater fishes with high endemism in Far-Eastern Asia, genetic, morphological, ecological and ethological studies were carried out in Japan, Russia, Kazafstan and Taiwan, and as the results following valuable results were obtained :1) For the phylogenetic relationships among Lethenteron species in East Asia, it was elucidated that L.japonicum, L.kessleri and L.sp. N were monophyletic and L.sp.S derived from the common ancestral stock of the genera, Lethenteron, Lampetra and Entosphenus.2) It was found that crucian carps collected from the Ob River system in Kazafstan consisted of Carassius carassius and C.auratus, the latter including two groups at least ; one is native in Kazafstan and another is introduced presumably from China.3) East Asian ninespine sticklebacks (genus Pungitius) were composed of 3 major lineages (A. B and C). A linearized molecular clock tree based on AFLP data disclosed that the lineage … More A and (B+C) were diverged about 3.0 MYA, and lineages B and C were diverged 2.2 MYA.4) MtDNA sequence data disclosed that East Asian bagrid catfishes (Pseudobagrus-group) includes two major monophyletic lineages and that one of them is distributed in the whole range, including so-called Pseudobagrus, Peltobagrus and Coreobagrus, and the other consists of Chinese Leiocassis and some Pseudobagrus species.5) MtDNA sequence data disclosed that eastern Eurasian freshwater sculpins (genera Cottus and Trachidermus) include 5 major lineages A-E, lineage A consisting of T.fasciatus and C.kazika having a catadromous life-history, and lineages B-E consisting of the remaining Cottus species having amphidromous, lacustrine and fluvial life-histories.6) A comparative analysis of the relationship between genetic and phenotypic divergence in multiple sympatric pairs of threespine sticklebacks (the Pacific Ocean and Japan Sea forms of Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) disclosed that body size of fish may play an important role at the early stage of stickleback speciation and divergence of courtship repertories play an important role at the later stage. Less