Biodiversity and origin of freshwater fishes in the Far-Eastern Asia

为了阐明东亚特有淡水鱼的生物多样性和物种多样性的起源，在日本、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦和台湾进行了遗传、形态、生态和行为学方面的研究，取得了以下有价值的结果：1)关于东亚地区鱼类的系统发育关系，阐明了日本鱼类、日本鱼类和中国台湾鱼类的系统发育关系。2)从哈萨克斯坦Ob河水系采集到的鲫鱼由Carassius Carassius和C.auratus组成，后者至少包括两个类群，一个原产于哈萨克斯坦，另一个可能是从中国引进的。3)东亚九刺鱼(Pungitius属)由3个主要谱系组成(A、B和C)。基于AFLP数据的线性化分子时钟树揭示了谱系…4)mtDNA序列分析表明，东亚黑点叉尾鱼包括两个主要的单系系，其中一个系分布在整个范围内，其中一个系分布在整个区域，其中一个系包括所谓的黄鳍属、黄鳍属和核心亚种，另一个系则由中国种和一些种组成。5)mtDNA序列数据揭示，东欧亚大陆淡水浮游鱼包括A-E 5个主要谱系，A系由T.Fasciatus和C.kazika组成。6)对三刺鱼(太平洋刺鱼复合体和日本海刺鱼复合体)多对共域物种的遗传差异与表型差异的关系进行了比较分析，发现鱼类的体型大小可能在刺鱼物种形成的早期阶段起重要作用，而求偶资源的差异在后期起重要作用。较少

In order to elucidate the biodiversity and origin of species diversity of freshwater fishes with high endemism in Far-Eastern Asia, genetic, morphological, ecological and ethological studies were carried out in Japan, Russia, Kazafstan and Taiwan, and as the results following valuable results were obtained :1) For the phylogenetic relationships among Lethenteron species in East Asia, it was elucidated that L.japonicum, L.kessleri and L.sp. N were monophyletic and L.sp.S derived from the common ancestral stock of the genera, Lethenteron, Lampetra and Entosphenus.2) It was found that crucian carps collected from the Ob River system in Kazafstan consisted of Carassius carassius and C.auratus, the latter including two groups at least ; one is native in Kazafstan and another is introduced presumably from China.3) East Asian ninespine sticklebacks (genus Pungitius) were composed of 3 major lineages (A. B and C). A linearized molecular clock tree based on AFLP data disclosed that the lineage … More A and (B+C) were diverged about 3.0 MYA, and lineages B and C were diverged 2.2 MYA.4) MtDNA sequence data disclosed that East Asian bagrid catfishes (Pseudobagrus-group) includes two major monophyletic lineages and that one of them is distributed in the whole range, including so-called Pseudobagrus, Peltobagrus and Coreobagrus, and the other consists of Chinese Leiocassis and some Pseudobagrus species.5) MtDNA sequence data disclosed that eastern Eurasian freshwater sculpins (genera Cottus and Trachidermus) include 5 major lineages A-E, lineage A consisting of T.fasciatus and C.kazika having a catadromous life-history, and lineages B-E consisting of the remaining Cottus species having amphidromous, lacustrine and fluvial life-histories.6) A comparative analysis of the relationship between genetic and phenotypic divergence in multiple sympatric pairs of threespine sticklebacks (the Pacific Ocean and Japan Sea forms of Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) disclosed that body size of fish may play an important role at the early stage of stickleback speciation and divergence of courtship repertories play an important role at the later stage. Less