Evaluation of the influence of an alien salmonid, Salmo trutta, on the native freshwater fish community

评估外来鲑鱼 Salmo trutta 对本地淡水鱼群落的影响

• 批准号: 13660171
• 负责人: GOTO Akira
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13660171/
• 关键词: Invasive alien salmonid; Brown trout; Life-history variation; Anadromy; Predation pressure; Commpetitive relationship; Native fish community; Evaluation of influence; 外来性魚食魚; 放流・定着; 近縁種間競争; 生態的圧迫; 遺伝的多様性; 在来魚類群集への影響

The main objectives of the present study were to elucidate the life-history pattern, migration, feeding ecology of an alien salmonid, Salmo trutta, and the interspecific oompetition with native or alien salmonld species in the sympatry, to evaluate tbe influence on the native fish community. The field survey was carried out in both the Hekiriji River of southern Hokkaido and the Lake Shikotsu of central Hokkaido, and following results were obtained:1. In the Hekiriji River, Salmo trutta was found to be abundantly stocked in the dam reservoir which was located about 7 km upstream from the mouth, and that both age 2-year females (>275 mm FL) and males (>172 mm FL) reached to mature, suggesting their participation into the spawnings.2. A few individuals of S.trutta metamorphosed into smolts when they grew up to 210-270 mm FL in the autumn, suggesting that they should become sea trout.3. Salmo turtta individuals of 200-300 mm FL were found to feed maily on trichopteran larvae, terrestrial animals and the benthic fishes such as Noemacheilus toni.4. In the Lake Shikotsu, where two alien salmonid species, S.trutta and Oncorhynchus mykiss, coexist, the former fed on benthic animals whereas the latter fed on swimming-type aminals in an inlet stream, the Bifue River, suggesting their food resource partitioning. In the lake, S. trutta predated the fishes such as threespine stickleback, while-spotted charr and kokanee salom.5. The niche width of prey animals in S. turtta was found to be lower than that in O. mykiss.6. This stydy strongly suggests that S. trutta provides a large impact on the native fish community mainly due to its piscivorous feeding.

本研究的主要目的是阐明外来鲑科鱼类萨尔莫trutta的生活史模式、洄游、摄食生态以及与本地或外来鲑科鱼类在同域分布中的种间竞争，评价其对本地鱼类群落的影响。在北海道南部的碧流寺川和北海道中部的支笏湖进行了实地调查，并获得了以下结果：1。在Hekiriji河，萨尔莫特鲁塔被发现在大坝水库，位于约7公里的口上游，大量的库存和年龄2岁的女性（>275 mm FL）和男性（>172 mm FL）达到成熟，这表明他们参与了产卵.少数个体在秋季生长到210-270 mm的FL时蜕变为小鲑鱼，这表明它们应该成为海鳟。200-300 mm FL的萨尔莫个体主要以毛翅目幼虫、陆生动物和底栖鱼类（如Noemacheilus toni）为食。在支笏湖，两个外来鲑鱼物种，S.trutta和虹鳟鱼，共存，前者以底栖动物为食，而后者则以入口流，Bifue河中的游泳型动物为食，这表明它们的食物资源分配。在湖中，S。trutta对三棘鱼、白点红点鲑和科卡尼鱼等鱼类具有捕食作用。捕食性动物的生态位宽度。turtta比O. mykiss 6.这一研究表明S. trutta对本地鱼类群落产生很大影响，主要是由于其食鱼性摄食。

项目成果

後藤 晃: "水生動物の卵サイズ-生活史の変異、種分化の生物学"海游舎. 257 (2001)

Akira Goto：“水生动物的卵大小 - 生命史变异和物种形成的生物学”Kaiyusha 257（2001）。

帰山雅秀: "最新のサケ学"成山堂書店. 128 (2002)

Masahide Kiyama：“最新的鲑鱼研究” Seizando Shoten 128 (2002)。

Koji Maekawa: "Individual growth and phase differentiation of lacustrine masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, under artificial rearing conditions"Ichthyological Research. 49(4). 397-400 (2002)

Koji Maekawa：“人工饲养条件下湖相马苏鲑鱼 Oncorhynchus masou 的个体生长和阶段分化”鱼类学研究。

Kaeriyama, M.: "Increase in body size with decrease in population size of chum salmon returning to Hokkaido, Japan since late 1990s"NPAFC Newsletter. 5. 6-7 (2001)

Kaeriyama, M.：“自 20 世纪 90 年代末以来，返回日本北海道的鲑鱼体型增大，种群数量减少”NPAFC 时事通讯。

帰山雅秀: "外来種ニジマスとブラウントラウトの支笏湖水系の生態系と在来種に及ぼす影響"国立環境研究所研究報告. (167). 125-132 (2001)

Masahide Kiyama：“虹鳟鱼和褐鳟鱼的外来物种对支笏湖生态系统和本地物种的影响”国家环境研究所研究报告（167-132）。